http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/990987
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-01-05
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Predation rates by Pisaster ochraceus on Mytilus californianus along the Oregon and Northern California rocky intertidal coastline from 1999 to 2023
2026-01-30
publication
2026-01-30
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-01-30
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/990987
Bruce A. Menge
Oregon State University
principalInvestigator
Sarah Gravem
Oregon State University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Gravem, S., Menge, B. A. (2026) Predation rates by Pisaster ochraceus on Mytilus californianus along the Oregon and Northern California rocky intertidal coastline from 1999 to 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-01-30 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/990987 [access date]
Dataset Description: <p>This time series is part of the LTREB project listed on this page (Award&nbsp;DEB-2050017) and was supported by the prior awards listed in the “Awards” section on this page.<br />
<br />
Organism identifiers (Life Science Identifiers, LSIDs):<br />
Mytilus californianus, urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:367837<br />
Pisaster ochraceus,&nbsp;urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:240755<br />
Pisaster,&nbsp;urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:240754</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>As detailed previously (Menge et al. 2004, 2016, 2023), we quantified field predation rates by determining loss rate of transplanted mussels exposed to sea stars compared to mussels protected from sea stars. Replicated experiments were conducted at all sites except Tokatee Klootchman, and each year 2007-2023, except for Rocky Point which began in 2016. In March-April each year, we translocated 10 clumps of 30-50 mussels ranging in shell length from 3-5 cm (easily eaten by adult <em>Pisaster</em>) to plots within the foraging range of <em>Pisaster </em>near the mid-low zone transition, just below the existing mussel beds. After 4-6 weeks of allowing them to reattach under plastic mesh, we removed the plastic mesh. We then fastened wire mesh open-topped 4-sided cages around 5 plots to prevent predation by <em>Pisaster</em> and fastened 2-sided partial cages next to 5 plots to allow predation, with spatially paired replicates of each treatment. We monitored the number of surviving mussels every 2-4 weeks from ~June-December of each year, thus encompassing the period of most active predation. To calculate predation rates, after adjusting for background mortality in exclusion cages, we regressed the number of mussels over time in each plot and used the slope as an estimate of predation rate (in +<em>Pisaster </em>treatments) or background mortality (in -<em>Pisaster</em> treatments). We excluded time points after the first zero (i.e., when all mussels had been eaten), when mussels increased by more than 3 (these are counting errors), or when the number of mussels dropped by more than 5 while the plot was either buried in sand, a cage was missing, or a sea star invaded the cage.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1061233 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1061233
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0726983 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0726983
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1448913 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1448913
Funding provided by NSF Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) Award Number: DEB-2050017 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2050017
Funding provided by NSF Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) Award Number: DEB-1554702 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=1554702
Funding provided by NSF Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) Award Number: DEB-1050694 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=1050694
onGoing
Bruce A. Menge
Oregon State University
541-737-5358
Department of Integrative Biology 4575 SW Research Way
Corvallis
OR
97333
USA
mengeb@oregonstate.edu
pointOfContact
Sarah Gravem
Oregon State University
sgravem@calpoly.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
GroupCode
SiteCode
Site
Latitude
Longitude
Cape
Region
State
Year
Month
Day
Date
StartDate
DaysSinceStart
YearStart
Exposure
Zone
Rep
Treatment
PisTreatment
PlotTimeline
PlotStatus
MusselsAtStart
Count_LiveMussels
PropMussRemaining
Change_Mussels
MusselsAtEnd
TotalMussKilled
N_Observations
StarSearch_Count
StarSearch_Area_m2
LocalStarDens_m2
PISOCH_InCC
PISOCH_Count_InPlot
theme
None, User defined
site description
region
year
month of year
day of month
date
time_elapsed
sample description
replicate
treatment
count
area_measured
density
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
LTREB: Testing tipping points in a model rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem – Climate-change, increasing variances, and response mechanisms
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/865695
LTREB: Testing tipping points in a model rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem – Climate-change, increasing variances, and response mechanisms
<p>NSF abstract:</p>
<p>In recent decades, ocean ecosystems, long thought to be immune to change, have undergone disruptions to their structure, diversity, and geographic range, yet the actual underlying reasons for such changes in oceanic biota are often unclear. Coastal intertidal zones (i.e., the shore between high and low tides) have long served as important ecological model systems because of advantages in accessibility and ease of observation, occupancy by easily studied and manipulated organisms of relatively short lifespans, and exposure to often severe environmental conditions. This research will address the stability of a well-known rocky shore system along the Oregon and California coasts. Prior long-term research indicates that, although casual observation suggests these systems are stable, in fact, they may be on the cusp of shifting into another state, losing iconic organisms like mussels and sea stars, and becoming dominated by seaweeds. These changes might be comparable to losing trees and large predators from terrestrial systems. This study would result in the training of undergraduates and graduate students, including individuals from under-represented groups. Additionally, this study would include outreach to the general public.</p>
<p>The researchers will focus particularly on impacts of increasing and more variable warming on community recovery. For example, climate oscillations (e.g., El Niño), coastal upwelling, and particularly temperature have all changed in recent decades in ways leading to increased stress on intertidal biota. In apparent response, coastal ecosystems evidently have become less productive, organismal performance (growth, reproduction) has declined, and key dynamical processes (species interactions) have weakened. The new research will pursue these strong hints of an impending “tipping point” by (1) continuing the projects that led to the insights of increasing instability, (2) adding new projects that will pinpoint ecological changes, and (3) expanding the region of work to include locations in California. Research will assess whether or not sea stars recover from wasting disease, experimentally test if species interactions are indeed weakening, quantify the annual inputs of new prey and changes in abundance, diversity, stability, and resilience of intertidal communities, and document changes in the physical environment. Using field observations and experiments, the research will provide insight into impacts of environmental change, particularly warming, on the future of coastal ecosystems, and more generally, into possible future states of Earth’s ecosystems. Using these data, we will test the hypothesis that direct and indirect effects of climate change are driving, or may drive these systems into new, alternative states.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
LTREB Intertidal Tipping Points
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-124.56512
-123.07365
38.31819916
44.83863831
1999-06-14
2023-06-21
West coast of North America
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Predation rates by Pisaster ochraceus on Mytilus californianus along the Oregon and Northern California rocky intertidal coastline from 1999 to 2023
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993337.rdf
Name: GroupCode
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Research group that collected field data. [ usually OSU, other options are UCSC, UCSB, CON (Concordia), or LiMPETS]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993338.rdf
Name: SiteCode
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Site code. See sitelist_stars.csv and ValidationList.txt. [ See Site List]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993339.rdf
Name: Site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>site name. [ See Site List]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993340.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993341.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993342.rdf
Name: Cape
Units: unitless
Description: <p>cape or headland of site.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993343.rdf
Name: Region
Units: unitless
Description: <p>region of site.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993344.rdf
Name: State
Units: unitless
Description: <p>state of site.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993345.rdf
Name: Year
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Year of count. [ Formula =YEAR(Date)]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993346.rdf
Name: Month
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Month of count. [ Formula =YEAR(Month)]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993347.rdf
Name: Day
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Day of count.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993348.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of count.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993349.rdf
Name: StartDate
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Start Date of the plot and deployment Year. [ Matches date of PredRate_Field, Activity Code Started" in Data Inventory]"</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993350.rdf
Name: DaysSinceStart
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Days elapsed since start. [ Formula =Date-StartDate]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993351.rdf
Name: YearStart
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Year started. Usually in early summer when vexar removed and cages deployed. [ Formula=Year(StartDate)]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993352.rdf
Name: Exposure
Units: unitless
Description: <p>E for this experiment. [ E or P for Exposed or Protected]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993353.rdf
Name: Zone
Units: unitless
Description: <p>L for this experiment. [ H, M or L, for High Mid or Low]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993354.rdf
Name: Rep
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Replicate. [ Integer 1-5. Usually two treatment plots per rep. [ANTIQUATED: Rep eg 1b and 1c represent a plot that reached zero and was restarted in the same field season]]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993355.rdf
Name: Treatment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Complete cage for Pisaster exclusion (sometimes called open cage or cage) or partial cage for Pisaster access (sometimes called fence). [ Complete cage or Partial cage]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993356.rdf
Name: PisTreatment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Pisaster excluded. Pisaster present.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993357.rdf
Name: PlotTimeline
Units: unitless
Description: <p>FILL THIS IN AT END OF THE YEAR. Describes timeline of experiment. Start= vexar removed and first count is done. Monitoring = monthly counts of mussels. End = first observation of 0 mussels in a PlotYear. Inactive = subsequent observations of 0 mussels in a PlotYear. Special situations: If there is NA for a plot but subsequent counts for the plot it is still designated as Monitoring. If the final observation of a plot is NA, then the previous count is the End of the plot's timeline and that NA observation is Inactive. If an adult Pisaster is found in a complete cage plot and there is a drop in the live mussels count of 5 or more mussels, then plot is considered Inactive and the previous count is the End of the plot's timeline. If a complete cage is missing and was not replaced, then there are two options. If there was a drop in the live mussel count of the plot by 5 or more mussels, then the plot is considered Inactive, and the previous count is the End of the plot's timeline. If there was not a drop in the live mussel count by 5 or more mussels, then that count (where the cage was noted as missing) is the End of the plot's timeline and subsequent counts are Inactive. If a complete cage was missing but was replaced, then the plot is Active, unless there was a drop in the live mussel count by 5 or more mussels, in which case it should be Inactive. If there is sand in the plot, then the plot can either be designated as Monitoring or Inactive. If there was a drop in the live mussel count by 5 or more mussels during the sand event, then the count prior to the sand is the End of the plot's timeline, and if not, then the plot will continue to be designated as Monitoring during and after the sand event. If there is only an initial count for a plot use Start and then Inactive. . [ Start, Monitoring, End, Inactive. Formatted as green, yellow, red, black]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993358.rdf
Name: PlotStatus
Units: unitless
Description: <p>FILL THIS IN AT END OF THE YEAR. Describes whether experiment is active by individual plot and time point. From initial to final count the plot is considered active, after the final count the plot is inactive. If there is NA for a count the plot is still active, unless there are no subsequent counts. In this case, the plot would be Inactive and the previous count is the final count (plot Active). If there is an adult Pisaster in a complete cage plot and there is a drop in the plot's live mussels count by 5 or more mussels, the plot should be Inactivated and the previous count will be the final count (plot Active). If a complete cage is missing and it was not replaced then there are two options. If there was a drop in the live mussel count of the plot by 5 or more mussels, then the plot should be Inactivated and the previous count will be the final count (plot Active). If there was not a drop in the live mussel count by 5 or more mussels, then the plot is considered Active. If a complete cage is missing but it was replaced, then the plot is Active, unless there wa a drop in the live mussel count by 5 or more mussles, in which case it should be Inactive. If there is sand in the plot, then the plot can either be designated as Active or Inactive. If there was a drop in the live mussel count by 5 or more mussels during the sand event, then the count prior to the sand is the Active and then Inactive during the sand event and after. If there was not a drop in the live mussel count by at 5 or more mussels, then the plot will continue to be designated as Active during and after the sand event. If there is sand in the plot, so that no count can be done, then the plot is Inactive. If there is only an initial count for a plot use Active and then Inactive. We assume the counts are inaccurate between obervations if the mussels go up by >3, in which case the time point with the increase should be inactivated (likely due to folks counting small mussel recruits) . [ Active or Inactive. Formatted as green, black]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993359.rdf
Name: MusselsAtStart
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Mussels Present at start of experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993360.rdf
Name: Count_LiveMussels
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Count of live mussels in plot on Date. Disregard small mussel recruits. [ Integer < 55]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993361.rdf
Name: PropMussRemaining
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Proportion mussels alive compared to mussels at start. [ Integer < 55]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993362.rdf
Name: Change_Mussels
Units: count
Description: <p>Change in mussels since last observation. DO NOT ENTER DATA IN THIS CELL. [ This is only for checking data and making descisions about plot timelines and is replaced later with more accurate calc. First sort for PlotID_Date. Formula = Count_ LiveMussels for Focal Row-Count_LiveMussels for above row. Any plots with a change of >3 mussels between time steps will turn red and should be investigated for accuracy (ignore values between plots). Any drops >10 in complete cages should also be investigated and inactivated if a pisater invaded, a cage was gone, or was buried. ]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993363.rdf
Name: MusselsAtEnd
Units: count
Description: <p>Mussels Present at end of experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993364.rdf
Name: TotalMussKilled
Units: count
Description: <p>Mussels at start vs end of experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993365.rdf
Name: N_Observations
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of times the plot was surveyed.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993366.rdf
Name: StarSearch_Count
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of adult Pisaster o. found in a specified search radius around pred rate plot. Stars must be at least 10cm in diameter to be considered adult. If star search counts were not done use NA..</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993367.rdf
Name: StarSearch_Area_m2
Units: meters squared (m2)
Description: <p>Record the search area of the star search in meters squared. OR search is a 1m radius or 3.14m2 search area. CA search is a 2m radius or 12.57m2 search area. If star search counts were not done use NA..</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993368.rdf
Name: LocalStarDens_m2
Units: stars per square meter squared (#/m2)
Description: <p>Density of Stars near the plot per m2.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993369.rdf
Name: PISOCH_InCC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Enter Y for presence of adult Pisaster within complete cage plots ONLY. Used to determine Plot timeline and status. Data recorded in notes section of field datasheets. Assume no stars in complete cage unless noted. If no information OR for partial cages leave blank. [ Y]</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/993370.rdf
Name: PISOCH_Count_InPlot
Units: unitless
Description: <p>not described</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/990987/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>As detailed previously (Menge et al. 2004, 2016, 2023), we quantified field predation rates by determining loss rate of transplanted mussels exposed to sea stars compared to mussels protected from sea stars. Replicated experiments were conducted at all sites except Tokatee Klootchman, and each year 2007-2023, except for Rocky Point which began in 2016. In March-April each year, we translocated 10 clumps of 30-50 mussels ranging in shell length from 3-5 cm (easily eaten by adult <em>Pisaster</em>) to plots within the foraging range of <em>Pisaster </em>near the mid-low zone transition, just below the existing mussel beds. After 4-6 weeks of allowing them to reattach under plastic mesh, we removed the plastic mesh. We then fastened wire mesh open-topped 4-sided cages around 5 plots to prevent predation by <em>Pisaster</em> and fastened 2-sided partial cages next to 5 plots to allow predation, with spatially paired replicates of each treatment. We monitored the number of surviving mussels every 2-4 weeks from ~June-December of each year, thus encompassing the period of most active predation. To calculate predation rates, after adjusting for background mortality in exclusion cages, we regressed the number of mussels over time in each plot and used the slope as an estimate of predation rate (in +<em>Pisaster </em>treatments) or background mortality (in -<em>Pisaster</em> treatments). We excluded time points after the first zero (i.e., when all mussels had been eaten), when mussels increased by more than 3 (these are counting errors), or when the number of mussels dropped by more than 5 while the plot was either buried in sand, a cage was missing, or a sea star invaded the cage.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
* sheet 1 within the submitted file "BCODMO_PredRateMaster_1990-2023_2024-09-11_SAG.xlsx" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system for this dataset. Values "NA" imported as missing data values. Table will appear as Data File: 990987_v1_predation-rates.csv (along with other download format options).
Missing Data Identifiers:
* In the BCO-DMO data system missing data identifiers are displayed according to the format of data you access. For example, in csv files it will be blank (null) values. In Matlab .mat files it will be NaN values. When viewing data online at BCO-DMO, the missing value will be shown as blank (null) values.
* Column names in the supplemental table were adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores. Can not start with a number]
* Dates converted to ISO 8601 format
Supplemental files:
* Table within BCODMO_SiteList_STARS_2023-04-11_SAG.xlsx added as supplemental file sitelist_stars.csv
* Validation Lists extracted from sheet ValidationList in BCODMO_BTMasterAnnot_2000-2024_2025-03-06_SAG.xlsx. Reformatted to not imply this is a table but rather unique lists of controlled vocabulary elements the study used.
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact