http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/991014
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-01-06
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates collected during field-verification of the novel zooplankton sampler, DeepZoo, at the East Pacific Rise aboard the R/V Atlantis AT50-33
2026-01-06
publication
2026-01-06
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-01-06
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/991014
Lauren S. Mullineaux
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Johanna NJ Weston
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Weston, J., Mills, S., Meyer-Kaiser, K., Mullineaux, L. S. (2026) Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates collected during field-verification of the novel zooplankton sampler, DeepZoo, at the East Pacific Rise aboard the R/V Atlantis AT50-33. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-01-06 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/991014 [access date]
DeepZoo EPR field verification on AT50-33 Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Collection</strong>:<br />
Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates were collected using <em>DeepZoo</em>, a novel autonomous sampler developed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Autonomous Vehicles and Sensor Technologies Innovation Hub (WHOI AVAST). DeepZoo is a cost-effective, lightweight (6.4 kg), all-depth device currently at the working prototype stage. It integrates two systems: (1) sample collection, composed of a lid with an oil-filled 10 RPM gear motor (ServoCity, USA), a 63-µm Nitex mesh net, and a T200 thruster (Blue Robotics, USA) to drive water flow; and (2) system control, housed in titanium and containing electronics, including a 14.8 V, 10 Ah rechargeable lithium-polymer battery (Blue Robotics). Pre-programmed in Arduino IDE 2.3.6 (Arduino 2024), <em>DeepZoo </em>runs autonomously, controlling motor and thruster operations (i.e., timing and speed) according to dive plans. The thruster operates at a specific rate, defined by a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal, which ranges from 1500 to 1900 microseconds. The two systems are contained within a lightweight PVC frame with SpeedRail connectors and a wire-mesh base (91.4 × 27.9 × 30.5 cm).</p>
<p><em>DeepZoo </em>was deployed three times in a horizontal configuration, once on the MISO Lander and two on the <em>HOV Alvin</em> science basket. On the MISO lander, <em>DeepZoo </em>was deployed in parallel with a large-volume plankton pump (McLane WTS-LV50, Falmouth, MA, USA). Before sampling, <em>HOV Alvin </em>repositioned the lander to be within meters of YBW-Shimmering Forest. Both systems were sampled over the same 21.5-hour period. This sampling design makes the two systems comparable, where the key difference is that the pump is situated 1.5 m above the seafloor and samples vertically. On <em>HOV Alvin</em>, <em>DeepZoo</em> was mounted on the starboard side of the basket&nbsp;with the mouth facing forward. During these two deployments, <em>DeepZoo</em> sampled while <em>HOV Alvin </em>was moving on the seafloor, including during transit to and from a station. Compared to the lander, <em>DeepZoo </em>sampled for a shorter period at a higher thrust rate.</p>
<p>For the named vent sites in this dataset, we used the most recent benchmarked, georeferenced positions from Table 1 in Wu et al. (2022). Bottom depth for positions near 9 50’ N was determined in QGIS using bathymetry acquired in 2018, 2019, and 2021 (Parnell-Turner et al. 2022).</p>
<p><strong>Shipboard sample processing:</strong><br />
Upon recovery, the net section of<em> DeepZoo</em> was placed into a 5-gallon bucket with chilled, filtered seawater (CFS; 0.5-micron) and brought to the cold room (4°C). The net was rinsed with CFS and then poured over a 63-micron sieve. The sieve was washed with 95% non-denatured ethanol into a 50 mL Falcon tube.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Laboratory sorting and morphological identification:</strong><br />
Samples were poured over nested 250- and 63-micron sieves and sorted in dishes with 96% ethanol under a Leica S9i stereo microscope at magnifications up to 55x. Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates were transferred to a 6-well plate with 96% ethanol.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Morphological identifications followed the identifications set by the “EPR pump time series” dataset (986309; see Related Datasets section below). Individuals were identified to the lowest taxonomic level as morphotypes, with an emphasis on larval gastropods (Mills et al., 2009). Gastropods were identified by Susan Mills and Johanna Weston. All morphotypes of meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates (e.g., amphipods) were enumerated and placed into taxon-specific containers. The presence or absence of “possibly benthic forams” was denoted. Holoplanktonic taxa (e.g., planktonic copepods and chaetognaths) were excluded from counts but denoted for their presence or absence.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>A subset of 35 individuals spanning morphotypes were selected for the DNA barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region (target ~650 bp) using the HotShot method (Truett et al., 2000). Each individual was placed into a 0.5 mL PCR tube with 10 μL of HotShot lysis reagent (25 mM NaOH, 0.2 mM EDTA). Lysis reactions were incubated at 95°C for 30 min, then cooled to 4°C for 15 min. Subsequently, 10 μL of the neutralization reagent (40 mM Tris-HCl) was added, the mixture was spun down, and it was incubated at 4°C for 10 min. PCR amplification was performed as described by Meyer-Kaiser et al. (2025) with the COI primers jgLCO1490 [5’-TITCIACIAAYCAYAARGAYATTGG-3’] and jgHCO2198 [3’-TAIACYTCIGGRTGICCRAARAAYCA-5’] (Geller et al., 2013) and Promega Go Taq™ Master Mix. PCR products were visualized using a blueGel™ electrophoresis system (miniPCR). All products with banding were sent to Sequegen Inc. (Worcester, MA) for silica-glass purification and Sanger sequencing.&nbsp;</p>
<p>PCR products and clean sequences were generated from 15 individuals. Electropherograms were manually inspected and trimmed in MEGA 11 (Tamura et al., 2021). Any ambiguous base calls were denoted by 'N'. Sequences were translated to assess for the presence of stop codons. Sequences were compared against existing published sequences in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD v5, Ratnasingham &amp; Hebert, 2007) and in GenBank using the BLASTn algorithm (Camacho et al., 2009). Sequences with &gt;97% identity were considered species-level matches, while those that matched &gt;93% to published records were considered a genus-level match. Sequences with &gt;80% match to published records were assigned to the family or superfamily level based on morphological identification and tree placement in BOLDv5. Genetic sequences are submitted to GenBank (accession numbers: PX280612-PX280626).&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>The scientificName determination came from the combination of the morphotype and genetic evidence, when available, to match the lowest-level identification to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) taxonomic database. For this dataset, the verbatimIdentifications include the 64 morphotypes found across the “EPR pump time series” (<u>https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/986309</u>), allowing for direct relative abundance and community composition comparison. In addition to the shared 64 morphotypes, eight morphotypes were included. Six of the eight morphotypes represent lower taxonomic levels identified (e.g., amphipods to <em>Ventiella sulfuris</em>) or new morphotypes not seen in the pump dataset (e.g., an unknown gastropod bubble). The other two of eight morphotypes, chaetognaths and copepods, were denoted in this dataset as presence/absence.</p>
<p><em><strong>Funding Acknowledgement</strong></em><br />
<em>Support for this work and the generation of these data&nbsp;was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences; the Rinehart Initiative for “Access to the Sea” at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Technology Innovation Award II Fund and the Alfred M. Zeien Endowed Fund for Innovative Ocean Research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.</em></p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1947735 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1947735
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2152453 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2152453
Funding provided by WHOI Access to the Sea Fund (Access to the Sea; A2Sea) Award Number: A2Sea: Capturing Connectivity: Testing of a novel larval sampler, DeepZoo, at the East Pacific Rise (Mullineaux/Weston)
Funding provided by WHOI Innovative Technology Fund (Innovative Tech Fund; Innov Tec) Award Number: Innovative Technology: A low-cost, modular deep-sea zooplankton sampler (Meyer-Kaiser)
onGoing
Lauren S. Mullineaux
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2898
Redfield 1-20 MS #34
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
lmullineaux@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-3713
266 Woods Hole Road MS #34
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1535
USA
kmeyer@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Johanna NJ Weston
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
johanna.weston@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
occurrenceID
identificationRemarks
verbatimIdentification
individualCount
scientificName
scientificNameID
taxonRank
class
phylum
kingdom
identifiedBy
associatedSequences
occurrenceStatus
basisOfRecord
eventID
samplingEffort
eventDate
verbatimEventDate
eventRemarks
locality
locationRemarks
footprintWKT
coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
minimumDepthInMeters
maximumDepthInMeters
samplingProtocol
countryCode
point_type
longitude_1
latitude_1
longitude_2
latitude_2
cruise_id
DeepZoo
HOV Alvin
McLane WTS-LV50 large volume plankton pump
Leica S9i stereo microscope
MISO lander
theme
None, User defined
occurrence identifier
sample identification
verbatim identification
count
species scientific name (binomial)
Life Science Identifier (LSID)
The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in scientific name
taxonomic class
phylum
kingdom
Entity that identified the specimen
NCBI Genbank nucleotide accession
occurrence status (presence or absence)
sample type
event
samplingEffort Darwin Core term
duration
date
brief description
site description
height
footprintWKT Darwin Core term
coordinate uncertainty radius
depth
Sampling protocol description
region
geometry type
longitude
latitude
Cruise identfier
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
DeepZoo
HOV Alvin
McLane Large Volume Pumping System WTS-LV
Microscope - Optical
MISO lander
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AT50-33
service
Deployment Activity
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
RUI: Collaborative: The Predictive Nature of Microbial Biofilms for Cuing Larval Settlement at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/851182
RUI: Collaborative: The Predictive Nature of Microbial Biofilms for Cuing Larval Settlement at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Over four decades of research have shown that tiny free-swimming offspring of the unique inhabitants of hydrothermal vents can disperse effectively between their specialized habitats. Yet, we know almost nothing about how these larval animals complete the journey by locating and settling down in suitable locations. This question remains one of the key unresolved puzzles in the ecology of the deep sea and is becoming increasingly important to solve as hydrothermal vents are becoming threatened by human impacts. The investigators suggest that the films of bacteria that first form at vents are good signposts for settlement of larvae because they indicate that the hydrothermal vents are suitable for life. This project uses a combined program of field experiments, cutting-edge molecular biology techniques, and shipboard experiments with hydrothermal-vent larvae and cultured bacterial films. The project also connects undergraduate research interns at a primarily undergraduate institution (Western Washington University) with undergraduate research interns at two research institutions (Rutgers and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) while working on the project at sea together. Finally, the team is producing a science-in-action documentary filled with ocean science and exploration intended for television distribution and museum screenings. The investigators are using footage of the deep-sea vents, shipboard and diving operations, and laboratory work to create a documentary that highlights the foundation of scientific research—hypothesis-driven research, the application of the scientific method, and the importance of critical thinking—all in the framework of the study of an exciting, but threatened, ecosystem.</p>
<p>Hydrothermal vents are particularly tractable systems in which to study questions about the roles of biofilms in larval settlement because biofilms at vents are relatively low-complexity; vent animals are strictly dependent on vent microbes, often through symbiotic partnerships acquired after settlement; and environmental variations are present within the range of a common larval pool. Moreover, decades of research on settlement in model organisms give us good insight into biofilm cues; there is solid foundational understanding about colonization patterns at vents; we now have excellent tools to collect, identify, and culture vent larvae and microbes; and modern environmental "-omics" techniques are a good tool to characterize biological cues produced by biofilms. The project provides an unprecedented, quantitative look into the role of microbial biofilms in structuring larval settlement at hydrothermal vents, achieved only through the close collaboration of microbial and larval ecologists. The combined field program of short-term settlement experiments, microbial "-omics" work, and subsequent shipboard settlement experiments allows the investigative team to use field experiments to statistically model the factors that best predict larval settlement in the field, then test those predictions with shipboard experiments that decouple covarying conditions. This extensive characterization of putative larval settlement cues and their relationship to colonization success in heterogeneous vent habitat niches will contribute to a broader understanding of colonization success across diverse marine ecosystems. Understanding the role that the initial settlement of larvae plays in the recovery and resilience of hydrothermal-vent ecosystems is critical to developing informed management plans for deep-sea mining.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Vent Settlement Cues
largerWorkCitation
project
Collaborative Research: Life after Death: Do Inactive Sulfides Fuel a Unique Ecosystem at the Deep Seafloor?
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/873319
Collaborative Research: Life after Death: Do Inactive Sulfides Fuel a Unique Ecosystem at the Deep Seafloor?
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract: </em><br />
This project is investigating a newly discovered community of animals and microbes near deep-sea hydrothermal vents that appears to inhabit only cool, inactive sulfide features. The main objectives are to determine what species live on these features, whether they are new to science, and how they function in the community. The discovery of this novel community, which may be fueled by production of resident microbes, is likely to change the way we think about inactive vents and their contribution to deep-sea biodiversity and productivity. This project has broad impact in four different areas: 1) Informing policy for sustainable use (mining) of inactive sulfides; 2) Contributing to global data systems and the NSF-funded repository at BCO-DMO to make our data available for research use at other temporal, spatial, and taxonomic scales; 3) Increasing public scientific literacy by enhancing K-12 education in the sciences at Memorial Junior High in Eagle Pass TX with about 98% Hispanic and 2% Native American students and a high number of English Language Learners and migrants; and 4) Developing a diverse workforce by engaging students from under-represented and marginalized groups into undergraduate intern programs.</p>
<p>Hydrothermal venting of heated, reduced fluids from the seafloor occurs globally at plate tectonic boundaries and mid-plate hotspots and has been the subject of vigorous geological, chemical and biological research. However, this venting is ultimately transient, leaving behind only the sulfide mineral-rich deposits after the fluid flow stops. This project investigates the organisms living on these lesser studied inactive sulfide features in order to understand their ecology and associations with the mineral substratum. Recent discoveries indicate that some microbial and animal species inhabiting inactive sulfides are not found elsewhere in the marine environment, suggesting the sulfides serve as a unique habitat, distinct from other seafloor topographic features. The main project objectives are to characterize the species and functional diversity of the inactive sulfide ecosystem across all three domains of life (eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal), determine which animal species are endemic or predominantly associated with inactive sulfides, and explore the biological and geological characteristics governing those associations. The investigators are conducting field studies between 9-10 degrees N on the East Pacific Rise at sites within the axial summit trough as well as at recently discovered off-axis sites away from modern day venting features. The discovery of this novel community of organisms inhabiting inactive sulfide features at hydrothermal vent fields, fueled by resident chemolithotrophic microorganisms, is likely to change the way we think about the role of these ecosystems in deep-sea biodiversity and productivity.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Inactive Sulfides
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
-104
-104
9
9
2025-01-28
2025-02-03
From projects that focused on the following 2 locations: 1. East Pacific Rise, 9 North hydrothermal vents 2. East Pacific Rise near 10 N
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates collected during field-verification of the novel zooplankton sampler, DeepZoo, at the East Pacific Rise aboard the R/V Atlantis AT50-33
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996290.rdf
Name: occurrenceID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique identifier for the occurrence with eventID and catalogNumber; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996291.rdf
Name: identificationRemarks
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique identifier for the record that uses the morphotype row counter (i.e., EPR_pump_01:EPR_pump_64) from the BCO-DMO dataset “EPR pump time series” (<a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/986309">https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/986309</a>) and extends the counter for unique DeepZoo collected or identified morphotypes (i.e., EPR_deepzoo_65:EPR_deepzoo_72) morphotype row counter; <a href="https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:identificationRemarks">https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:identificationRemarks</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996292.rdf
Name: verbatimIdentification
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name used to identify the morphotype, not necessarily a scientific name; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimIdentification">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimIdentification</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996293.rdf
Name: individualCount
Units: integer count
Description: <p>The number of individuals with this verbatimIdentification in the sampling eventID; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/individualCount">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/individualCount</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996294.rdf
Name: scientificName
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name from World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) at the lowest taxonomic rank that matches the verbatimIdentification; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996295.rdf
Name: scientificNameID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Life Science Identifier (LSID) containing the AphiaID from WoRMS that matches to scientificName; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996296.rdf
Name: taxonRank
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Taxonomic rank of the scientificName; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996297.rdf
Name: class
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Class in which the taxon is classified; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996298.rdf
Name: phylum
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Phylum in which the taxon is classified; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996299.rdf
Name: kingdom
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Kingdom in which the taxon is classified; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996300.rdf
Name: identifiedBy
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Person who identified the specimen(s) for this occurrence; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996301.rdf
Name: associatedSequences
Units: unitless
Description: <p>GenBank accession numbers for COI sequences; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedSequences">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedSequences</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996302.rdf
Name: occurrenceStatus
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Darwin Core controlled vocabulary term present or absent; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/occurrenceStatus">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/occurrenceStatus</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996303.rdf
Name: basisOfRecord
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Darwin Core controlled vocabulary term PreservedSpecimen; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996304.rdf
Name: eventID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique identifier for the sampling event concatenating vessel (AT is R/V Atlantis) and cruise number, date sampling stopped (i.e., verbatimEventDate), locality, and the PWM value in samplingEffort; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996305.rdf
Name: samplingEffort
Units: microseconds
Description: <p>The Pulse Width Signal (PWM) number that is user-provided to the Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) to determine the thrust rate of the Blue Robotics T200 thruster. This is given as a value between 1500 to 1900 microseconds and denotes 0 to 100% thrust rate; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingEffort">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingEffort</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996306.rdf
Name: eventDate
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The interval of date and time (UTC) that the thruster ran; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996307.rdf
Name: verbatimEventDate
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Verbatim original representation of the date recovered for the sampling event; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimEventDate">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimEventDate</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996308.rdf
Name: eventRemarks
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Notes about the deployment, specifically which vehicle submersible dive it is associated with (e.g., HOV Alvin dive ALXXXX), the vehicle DeepZoo is deployed on (e.g., HOV Alvin (<a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/880039">https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/880039</a>) or MISO lander), and horizontal or vertical configuration of DeepZoo; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996309.rdf
Name: locality
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name of hydrothermal vent site, and whether it is an active or inactive feature; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996310.rdf
Name: locationRemarks
Units: meters
Description: <p>Height above the lowest part of the platform; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationRemarks">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationRemarks</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996311.rdf
Name: footprintWKT
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the location of the vehicle. Generated by OBIS MapTool (<a href="https://obis.org/maptool/#">https://obis.org/maptool/#</a>) based on the longitude and latitude of the vehicle at the beginning and end of the sampling event; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996312.rdf
Name: coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Uncertainty in horizontal distance from the given geographic coordinates for the sampling event; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996313.rdf
Name: minimumDepthInMeters
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Seafloor bottom depth minus DeepZoo height above bottom minus 5 meters; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996314.rdf
Name: maximumDepthInMeters
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Seafloor bottom depth minus pump height above bottom plus 5 meters; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996315.rdf
Name: samplingProtocol
Units: unitless
Description: <p>DeepZoo filtering over 63-micron mesh is the collection method for the sampling event; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingProtocol">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingProtocol</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996316.rdf
Name: countryCode
Units: unitless
Description: <p>For international waters, leave blank; <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/countryCode">http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/countryCode</a></p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996317.rdf
Name: point_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Point type for latitude and longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996318.rdf
Name: longitude_1
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of POINT, or first longitude from MULTIPOINT</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996319.rdf
Name: latitude_1
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of POINT, or first latitude from MULTIPOINT</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996320.rdf
Name: longitude_2
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of second longitude in MULTIPOINT</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996321.rdf
Name: latitude_2
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of second latitude in MULTIPOINT</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996322.rdf
Name: cruise_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise ID</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/991014/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Collection</strong>:<br />
Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates were collected using <em>DeepZoo</em>, a novel autonomous sampler developed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Autonomous Vehicles and Sensor Technologies Innovation Hub (WHOI AVAST). DeepZoo is a cost-effective, lightweight (6.4 kg), all-depth device currently at the working prototype stage. It integrates two systems: (1) sample collection, composed of a lid with an oil-filled 10 RPM gear motor (ServoCity, USA), a 63-µm Nitex mesh net, and a T200 thruster (Blue Robotics, USA) to drive water flow; and (2) system control, housed in titanium and containing electronics, including a 14.8 V, 10 Ah rechargeable lithium-polymer battery (Blue Robotics). Pre-programmed in Arduino IDE 2.3.6 (Arduino 2024), <em>DeepZoo </em>runs autonomously, controlling motor and thruster operations (i.e., timing and speed) according to dive plans. The thruster operates at a specific rate, defined by a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal, which ranges from 1500 to 1900 microseconds. The two systems are contained within a lightweight PVC frame with SpeedRail connectors and a wire-mesh base (91.4 × 27.9 × 30.5 cm).</p>
<p><em>DeepZoo </em>was deployed three times in a horizontal configuration, once on the MISO Lander and two on the <em>HOV Alvin</em> science basket. On the MISO lander, <em>DeepZoo </em>was deployed in parallel with a large-volume plankton pump (McLane WTS-LV50, Falmouth, MA, USA). Before sampling, <em>HOV Alvin </em>repositioned the lander to be within meters of YBW-Shimmering Forest. Both systems were sampled over the same 21.5-hour period. This sampling design makes the two systems comparable, where the key difference is that the pump is situated 1.5 m above the seafloor and samples vertically. On <em>HOV Alvin</em>, <em>DeepZoo</em> was mounted on the starboard side of the basket&nbsp;with the mouth facing forward. During these two deployments, <em>DeepZoo</em> sampled while <em>HOV Alvin </em>was moving on the seafloor, including during transit to and from a station. Compared to the lander, <em>DeepZoo </em>sampled for a shorter period at a higher thrust rate.</p>
<p>For the named vent sites in this dataset, we used the most recent benchmarked, georeferenced positions from Table 1 in Wu et al. (2022). Bottom depth for positions near 9 50’ N was determined in QGIS using bathymetry acquired in 2018, 2019, and 2021 (Parnell-Turner et al. 2022).</p>
<p><strong>Shipboard sample processing:</strong><br />
Upon recovery, the net section of<em> DeepZoo</em> was placed into a 5-gallon bucket with chilled, filtered seawater (CFS; 0.5-micron) and brought to the cold room (4°C). The net was rinsed with CFS and then poured over a 63-micron sieve. The sieve was washed with 95% non-denatured ethanol into a 50 mL Falcon tube.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Laboratory sorting and morphological identification:</strong><br />
Samples were poured over nested 250- and 63-micron sieves and sorted in dishes with 96% ethanol under a Leica S9i stereo microscope at magnifications up to 55x. Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates were transferred to a 6-well plate with 96% ethanol.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Morphological identifications followed the identifications set by the “EPR pump time series” dataset (986309; see Related Datasets section below). Individuals were identified to the lowest taxonomic level as morphotypes, with an emphasis on larval gastropods (Mills et al., 2009). Gastropods were identified by Susan Mills and Johanna Weston. All morphotypes of meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates (e.g., amphipods) were enumerated and placed into taxon-specific containers. The presence or absence of “possibly benthic forams” was denoted. Holoplanktonic taxa (e.g., planktonic copepods and chaetognaths) were excluded from counts but denoted for their presence or absence.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>A subset of 35 individuals spanning morphotypes were selected for the DNA barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region (target ~650 bp) using the HotShot method (Truett et al., 2000). Each individual was placed into a 0.5 mL PCR tube with 10 μL of HotShot lysis reagent (25 mM NaOH, 0.2 mM EDTA). Lysis reactions were incubated at 95°C for 30 min, then cooled to 4°C for 15 min. Subsequently, 10 μL of the neutralization reagent (40 mM Tris-HCl) was added, the mixture was spun down, and it was incubated at 4°C for 10 min. PCR amplification was performed as described by Meyer-Kaiser et al. (2025) with the COI primers jgLCO1490 [5’-TITCIACIAAYCAYAARGAYATTGG-3’] and jgHCO2198 [3’-TAIACYTCIGGRTGICCRAARAAYCA-5’] (Geller et al., 2013) and Promega Go Taq™ Master Mix. PCR products were visualized using a blueGel™ electrophoresis system (miniPCR). All products with banding were sent to Sequegen Inc. (Worcester, MA) for silica-glass purification and Sanger sequencing.&nbsp;</p>
<p>PCR products and clean sequences were generated from 15 individuals. Electropherograms were manually inspected and trimmed in MEGA 11 (Tamura et al., 2021). Any ambiguous base calls were denoted by 'N'. Sequences were translated to assess for the presence of stop codons. Sequences were compared against existing published sequences in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD v5, Ratnasingham &amp; Hebert, 2007) and in GenBank using the BLASTn algorithm (Camacho et al., 2009). Sequences with &gt;97% identity were considered species-level matches, while those that matched &gt;93% to published records were considered a genus-level match. Sequences with &gt;80% match to published records were assigned to the family or superfamily level based on morphological identification and tree placement in BOLDv5. Genetic sequences are submitted to GenBank (accession numbers: PX280612-PX280626).&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>The scientificName determination came from the combination of the morphotype and genetic evidence, when available, to match the lowest-level identification to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) taxonomic database. For this dataset, the verbatimIdentifications include the 64 morphotypes found across the “EPR pump time series” (<u>https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/986309</u>), allowing for direct relative abundance and community composition comparison. In addition to the shared 64 morphotypes, eight morphotypes were included. Six of the eight morphotypes represent lower taxonomic levels identified (e.g., amphipods to <em>Ventiella sulfuris</em>) or new morphotypes not seen in the pump dataset (e.g., an unknown gastropod bubble). The other two of eight morphotypes, chaetognaths and copepods, were denoted in this dataset as presence/absence.</p>
<p><em><strong>Funding Acknowledgement</strong></em><br />
<em>Support for this work and the generation of these data&nbsp;was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences; the Rinehart Initiative for “Access to the Sea” at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Technology Innovation Award II Fund and the Alfred M. Zeien Endowed Fund for Innovative Ocean Research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.</em></p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>The data was processed by populating hand-generated notes and counts into this long-format table that was formed on the foundation of the BCO-DMO dataset &nbsp;“EPR pump time series” (<u>https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/986309</u>). The&nbsp; event columns information was manually pulled from cruise report data.</p>
<p>This dataset is provided as a long-format, comma-separated variable (csv) file that joins left/right 2 additionally provided csv files. Leftmost columns match to the provided Darwin Core Occurrence extension table; rightmost columns match to the provided Darwin Core Event core table. The occurrence columns of the data table include taxonomic standardization for the count.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Loaded "EPR_DeepZoo_BCODMO_submitted_20251106.csv" into the BCO-DMO system treating "NA" and blank values as missing
- Extracted latitude and longitude coordinates from the footprintWKT column using regex
- Extracted geometry type (LINE or MULTIPOINT) from the footprintWKT column using regex
- Added cruise ID of AT50-33
- Exported file as "991014_v1_deepzoo_epr.csv"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
DeepZoo
DeepZoo
PI Supplied Instrument Name: DeepZoo PI Supplied Instrument Description:Meroplankton larvae and benthopelagic invertebrates were collected using DeepZoo, a novel autonomous sampler. Instrument Name: DeepZoo Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Custom-built zooplankton sampler that uses a Blue Robotics T200 thruster to drive water over a net and is used to collect zooplankton from any ocean depth.
HOV Alvin
HOV Alvin
PI Supplied Instrument Name: HOV Alvin PI Supplied Instrument Description:DeepZoo was mounted on HOV Alvin while collecting samples at Riftia Mound and Fangorn Forest Instrument Name: HOV Alvin Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Human Occupied Vehicle (HOV) Alvin is part of the National Deep Submergence Facility (NDSF). Alvin enables in-situ data collection and observation by two scientists to depths reaching 6,500 meters, during dives lasting up to ten hours.
Commissioned in 1964 as one of the world’s first deep-ocean submersibles, Alvin has remained state-of-the-art as a result of numerous overhauls and upgrades made over its lifetime. The most recent upgrades, begun in 2011 and completed in 2021, saw the installation of a new, larger personnel sphere with a more ergonomic interior; improved visibility and overlapping fields of view; longer bottoms times; new lighting and high-definition imaging systems; improved sensors, data acquisition and download speed. It also doubled the science basket payload, and improved the command-and-control system allowing greater speed, range and maneuverability.
With seven reversible thrusters, it can hover in the water, maneuver over rugged topography, or rest on the sea floor. It can collect data throughout the water column, produce a variety of maps and perform photographic surveys. Alvin also has two robotic arms that can manipulate instruments, obtain samples, and its basket can be reconfigured daily based on the needs of the upcoming dive.
Alvin's depth rating of 6,500m gives researchers in-person access to 99% of the ocean floor. Alvin is a proven and reliable platform capable of diving for up to 30 days in a row before requiring a single scheduled maintenance day. Recent collaborations with autonomous vehicles such as Sentry have proven extremely beneficial, allowing PIs to visit promising sites to collect samples and data in person within hours of their being discovered, and UNOLs driven technological advances have improved the ability for scientific outreach and collaboration via telepresence
Alvin is named for Allyn Vine, a WHOI engineer and geophysicist who helped pioneer deep submergence research and technology.
(from https://www.whoi.edu/what-we-do/explore/underwater-vehicles/hov-alvin/, accessed 2022-09-09)
McLane WTS-LV50 large volume plankton pump
McLane WTS-LV50 large volume plankton pump
PI Supplied Instrument Name: McLane WTS-LV50 large volume plankton pump PI Supplied Instrument Description:DeepZoo was deployed in tandem with a McLane large-volume plankton pump (McLane WTS-LV50), which has been sampling larval diversity for over 27 years at the EPR vents. Instrument Name: McLane Large Volume Pumping System WTS-LV Instrument Short Name:WTS-LV Instrument Description: The WTS-LV is a Water Transfer System (WTS) Large Volume (LV) pumping instrument designed and manufactured by McLane Research Labs (Falmouth, MA, USA). It is a large-volume, single-event sampler that collects suspended and dissolved particulate samples in situ.
Ambient water is drawn through a modular filter holder onto a 142-millimeter (mm) membrane without passing through the pump. The standard two-tier filter holder provides prefiltering and size fractioning. Collection targets include chlorophyll maximum, particulate trace metals, and phytoplankton. It features different flow rates and filter porosity to support a range of specimen collection. Sampling can be programmed to start at a scheduled time or begin with a countdown delay. It also features a dynamic pump speed algorithm that adjusts flow to protect the sample as material accumulates on the filter. Several pump options range from 0.5 to 30 liters per minute, with a max volume of 2,500 to 36,000 liters depending on the pump and battery pack used. The standard model is depth rated to 5,500 meters, with a deeper 7,000-meter option available. The operating temperature is -4 to 35 degrees Celsius.
The WTS-LV is available in four different configurations: Standard, Upright, Bore Hole, and Dual Filter Sampler. The high-capacity upright WTS-LV model provides three times the battery life of the standard model. The Bore-Hole WTS-LV is designed to fit through a narrow opening such as a 30-centimeter borehole. The dual filter WTS-LV features two vertical intake 142 mm filter holders to allow simultaneous filtering using two different porosities.
Leica S9i stereo microscope
Leica S9i stereo microscope
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Leica S9i stereo microscope PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples were sorted under a Leica S9i stereo microscope at magnifications up to 55x. Instrument Name: Microscope - Optical Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope". Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/
MISO lander
MISO lander
PI Supplied Instrument Name: MISO lander PI Supplied Instrument Description:DeepZoo instrument was mounted on MISO lander while collecting samples at YBW-Shimmering Forest. Instrument Name: MISO lander Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The MISO (Multidisciplinary Instrumentation in Support of Oceanography) lander is a seafloor platform developed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) to provide imaging, lighting, and power for deep-sea research.
Cruise: AT50-33
AT50-33
R/V Atlantis
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantis
vessel
AT50-33
Jill McDermott
Lehigh University
R/V Atlantis
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantis
vessel