http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/994268
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-02-26
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
CTD data and particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, and adenosine triphosphate from Niskin bottle samples collected along the coastal ocean off Virginia Beach into the Chesapeake Bay aboard RV Fay Slover on April 1, 2024
2026-03-10
publication
2026-03-10
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-03-10
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/994268
Alexander Boris Bochdansky
Old Dominion University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Bochdansky, A. B. (2026) CTD data and particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, and adenosine triphosphate from Niskin bottle samples collected along the coastal ocean off Virginia Beach into the Chesapeake Bay aboard RV Fay Slover on April 1, 2024. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-03-10 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/994268 [access date]
April 2024 Slover cruise data Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Seawater was collected on the research vessel Fay Slover using 5-liter (L) Niskin bottles along a gradient from the open ocean near the Chesapeake light tower into the Chesapeake Bay. Conductivity, temperature, and depth were measured using a Seabird SBE 32 CTD equipped with a Wetlabs fluorometer and a Wetlabs transmissometer (650 nanoeters (nm)).</p>
<p><strong>Field collection of ATP</strong><br />
Using biological oxygen demand (BOD) bottles, samples of 150 - 300 milliliters (mL) (depending on station) were taken from the Niskin bottles at five stations and six depths along the transect. Water was filtered through 25-millimeter (mm) GF/F filters using large capacity filter funnels at a vacuum of 200 millibars (mbar). Once filtered, and without keeping the filters running dry for more than a few seconds, the filters were quickly transferred into 1.5 mL cryovials filled with 1 mL of a solution of benzalkonium chloride (1% w/w fin. conc.) with phosphoric acid (5% w/w fin. conc.) in a 25 millimolar (mM) Tricine buffer (PBAC, Bochdansky et al. 2021). The filters were extracted in PBAC for 20 to 30 minutes before the cryovials (including the filters) were frozen and kept at -80 degrees Celsius (°C) before analysis. The location and methods were similar to those published in Bochdansky et al. 2024.</p>
<p><strong>Laboratory analysis of ATP</strong><br />
Ten microliters (μL) of each sample (in triplicates) were transferred to 6 mL pony scintillation vials (Research Products International), and received 3 mL of ultrapure water, and 50 μL of CellTiter-Glo 2.0 (Promega Corporation). Internal standards were used by spiking a fourth vial with 50 μL of samples with 50 μL of 0.0164 micromolar (μM) ATP standard. Using internal standards instead of separate calibration curves corrects for matrix effects that change the luminescence signal caused by the presence of ions, acids, and organic material (Bochdansky et al., 2021). Luminescence was analyzed in a PerkinElmer liquid scintillation counter model Tricarb 3110 TR with a single photon counting protocol of 1 minute each. ATP was calculated using equation 2 in Bochdansky et al. (2021).</p>
<p><strong>Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen</strong><br />
Between 250 - 500 mL of seawater (less in the inshore and more in the offshore stations) was filtered onto pre-combusted (450°C, 4 hours) GF/F filters. The filters were stored frozen (-20°C) and later dried at 50°C for approximately 24 hours, then acidified under concentrated HCl fumes in a desiccator, redried for another 24 hours at 50°C and then capped and stored in a desiccator. Filters were rolled in a tin wrap and pressed into pellets to be analyzed in a CHN analyzer (ODU Department of Chemistry Water Quality Laboratory).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2319114 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2319114
onGoing
Alexander Boris Bochdansky
Old Dominion University
757-683-4933
Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences 4600 Elkhorn Ave.
Norfolk
VA
23529
USA
abochdan@odu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Station
Depth
Lon
Longitude
Lat
Latitude
Time
Date
ISO_DateTime_EDT
ISO_DateTime_UTC
Julian_Days
Attenuance
Conductivity
Sigma_theta
Salinity
Potential_Temperature
Transmission
Fluorescence
Attenuance_voltage
Depth2
Volume_filtered_POC_PON
POC_mg_L
PON
C_N_ratio
ATP_nM
ATP_SD
ATP_mg_L
Biomass_Carbon
Percent_Biomass
POC_uM
Biomass_POC
CHN analyzer
Wetlabs fluorometer
Seabird SBE32 CTD rosette
Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer (650 nm)
theme
None, User defined
station
depth
longitude
latitude
time of day
date
ISO_DateTime_Local
ISO_DateTime_UTC
year day (Day of Year, or day of year and decimal time)
beam attenuation
conductivity
sigma-theta
salinity
potential temperature
transmission
fluorescence
light transmission (volts)
volume of water filtered
particulate organic Carbon (POC)
particulate organic nitrogen
Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C:N)
Adenosinetriphosphate
Elemental carbon (C)
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CHN Elemental Analyzer
Fluorometer
Seabird SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler
WET Labs {Sea-Bird WETLabs} C-Star transmissometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Adenosine triphosphate as a master variable for biomass in the oceanographic context
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/917950
Adenosine triphosphate as a master variable for biomass in the oceanographic context
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
In the ocean, most living organisms are microbes that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Despite their small size, microbes play an important role in processes that govern marine ecosystems and food webs. For example, microbes affect the concentrations of nutrients and gases in the water and the atmosphere, thereby exerting a significant impact on the climate globally. Consequently, it is important to know how many microbes there are in any given environment because there is a direct causal connection between living mass and overall biological activity. Determining how “alive” any volume of water is, however, is a difficult task. The gold standard is to count microbial cells under the microscope. This method is extremely time consuming when done well and needs to be performed separately on many different types of microbial cells. In addition, standard microscopic techniques do not reveal whether the cells were alive when they were collected. In contrast, a chemical method based on the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) offers distinct advantages. Notably, ATP is relatively easy to measure, and the method can be widely used because all living cells contain ATP in similar concentrations. This study tests and applies an improved method of ATP analysis to generate data at very high resolution in space and time. One PhD student and six undergraduate students will receive research training and the project fosters international research collaborations with European scientists. This research provides deeper insights into the distribution of live matter in different regions and depths of the world’s oceans.</p>
<p>Decades ago, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was proposed as a universal biomass indicator. However, its application in the field of oceanography has been limited due to misconceptions regarding cellular ATP concentration. Recent evidence suggests that ATP functions as a hydrotrope requiring homeostatically controlled ATP levels much higher than those solely needed for energy metabolism. ATP occurs in surprisingly stable concentrations in cytoplasm across a wide range of microbes thus representing live cytoplasm volume. This project examines in detail the usefulness of particulate ATP (PATP) as a biomass marker over a large section of the North Atlantic Ocean with special emphasis on mesopelagic and deep-sea environments where chlorophyll is a poor indicator of biomass or associated biological processes. The project uses field collections of marine snow and ambient water in combination with particle cameras to examine the microscale heterogeny of biomass in the water column. Laboratory studies determine factors that may influence the recovery of PATP through filtration and extraction protocols and determine to what extent ATP concentrations potentially deviate from the typical cytoplasm concentration during phosphorus limitation. The improved PATP-biomass method offers numerous operational advantages, especially the fact that it can be employed at high spatial and temporal resolution. Once validated, the PATP biomass method could be widely adopted as a key variable for biomass in routine oceanographic surveys. This project supports graduate and undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds to contribute to laboratory and field research. Public outreach efforts include tours and presentations for middle and high-school students, as well as the general public.</p>
<p>This project is funded by the Chemical Oceanography and Biological Oceanography Programs in the Division of Ocean Sciences.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
ATP biomass indicator
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-76.12536667
-75.59008333
36.96506667
36.97415
2024-04-01
2024-04-01
Global
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from CTD data and particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, and adenosine triphosphate from Niskin bottle samples collected along the coastal ocean off Virginia Beach into the Chesapeake Bay aboard RV Fay Slover on April 1, 2024
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994399.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994400.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>Measurement/collection depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994401.rdf
Name: Lon
Units: degrees and minutes
Description: <p>Longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994402.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994403.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: degrees and minutes
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994404.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994405.rdf
Name: Time
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Time of day (Eastern Daylight Time (EDT))</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994406.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994407.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_EDT
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (EDT) in ISO 8601 format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994408.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) in ISO 8601 format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994409.rdf
Name: Julian_Days
Units: decimal days
Description: <p>Julian day of 2024</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994410.rdf
Name: Attenuance
Units: m-1
Description: <p>Beam attenuation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994411.rdf
Name: Conductivity
Units: Siemens m-1
Description: <p>Conductivity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994412.rdf
Name: Sigma_theta
Units: sigma-theta
Description: <p>Sigma theta</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994413.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: practical salinity unit
Description: <p>Salinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994414.rdf
Name: Potential_Temperature
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Potential temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994415.rdf
Name: Transmission
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>Beam transmission (650 nm)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994416.rdf
Name: Fluorescence
Units: relative fluorescence units
Description: <p>Chlorophyll fluorescence</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994417.rdf
Name: Attenuance_voltage
Units: instrument voltage
Description: <p>Beam attenuation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994418.rdf
Name: Depth2
Units: meters
Description: <p>Depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994419.rdf
Name: Volume_filtered_POC_PON
Units: milliliters
Description: <p>Volume filtered for POC and PON</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994420.rdf
Name: POC_mg_L
Units: milligrams per liter (mg L-1)
Description: <p>Particulate Organic Carbon</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994421.rdf
Name: PON
Units: milligrams per liter (mg L-1)
Description: <p>Particulate Organic Nitrogen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994422.rdf
Name: C_N_ratio
Units: unitless (ratio)
Description: <p>Mass ration of POC/PON</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994423.rdf
Name: ATP_nM
Units: nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Adenosine triphosphate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994424.rdf
Name: ATP_SD
Units: nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>ATP standard deviation of technical triplicates</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994425.rdf
Name: ATP_mg_L
Units: milligrams per liter (mg L-1)
Description: <p>ATP</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994426.rdf
Name: Biomass_Carbon
Units: milligrams per liter (mg L-1)
Description: <p>ATP multiplied by 250 to convert to carbon units</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994427.rdf
Name: Percent_Biomass
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>% biomass of POC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994428.rdf
Name: POC_uM
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>POC in micromolar</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994429.rdf
Name: Biomass_POC
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>ATP converted to carbon by multiplication with 250 and expressed as micromolar</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/994268/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Seawater was collected on the research vessel Fay Slover using 5-liter (L) Niskin bottles along a gradient from the open ocean near the Chesapeake light tower into the Chesapeake Bay. Conductivity, temperature, and depth were measured using a Seabird SBE 32 CTD equipped with a Wetlabs fluorometer and a Wetlabs transmissometer (650 nanoeters (nm)).</p>
<p><strong>Field collection of ATP</strong><br />
Using biological oxygen demand (BOD) bottles, samples of 150 - 300 milliliters (mL) (depending on station) were taken from the Niskin bottles at five stations and six depths along the transect. Water was filtered through 25-millimeter (mm) GF/F filters using large capacity filter funnels at a vacuum of 200 millibars (mbar). Once filtered, and without keeping the filters running dry for more than a few seconds, the filters were quickly transferred into 1.5 mL cryovials filled with 1 mL of a solution of benzalkonium chloride (1% w/w fin. conc.) with phosphoric acid (5% w/w fin. conc.) in a 25 millimolar (mM) Tricine buffer (PBAC, Bochdansky et al. 2021). The filters were extracted in PBAC for 20 to 30 minutes before the cryovials (including the filters) were frozen and kept at -80 degrees Celsius (°C) before analysis. The location and methods were similar to those published in Bochdansky et al. 2024.</p>
<p><strong>Laboratory analysis of ATP</strong><br />
Ten microliters (μL) of each sample (in triplicates) were transferred to 6 mL pony scintillation vials (Research Products International), and received 3 mL of ultrapure water, and 50 μL of CellTiter-Glo 2.0 (Promega Corporation). Internal standards were used by spiking a fourth vial with 50 μL of samples with 50 μL of 0.0164 micromolar (μM) ATP standard. Using internal standards instead of separate calibration curves corrects for matrix effects that change the luminescence signal caused by the presence of ions, acids, and organic material (Bochdansky et al., 2021). Luminescence was analyzed in a PerkinElmer liquid scintillation counter model Tricarb 3110 TR with a single photon counting protocol of 1 minute each. ATP was calculated using equation 2 in Bochdansky et al. (2021).</p>
<p><strong>Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen</strong><br />
Between 250 - 500 mL of seawater (less in the inshore and more in the offshore stations) was filtered onto pre-combusted (450°C, 4 hours) GF/F filters. The filters were stored frozen (-20°C) and later dried at 50°C for approximately 24 hours, then acidified under concentrated HCl fumes in a desiccator, redried for another 24 hours at 50°C and then capped and stored in a desiccator. Filters were rolled in a tin wrap and pressed into pellets to be analyzed in a CHN analyzer (ODU Department of Chemistry Water Quality Laboratory).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>ATP samples were analyzed in technical triplicates (three values for each sample) and then averaged. POC and PON values reflect single samples.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported original file "CTD & Niskin bottle data COMBINED NaN 1Apr2024.csv" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Marked "NaN" as a missing data identifier (missing data are empty/blank in the final CSV file).
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Created date-time fields (local and UTC) in ISO 8601 format.
- Saved the final file as "994268_v1_april_2024_slover_ctd_niskin.csv".
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
CHN analyzer
CHN analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CHN analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Filters were rolled in a tin wrap and pressed into pellets to be analyzed in a CHN analyzer (ODU Department of Chemistry Water Quality Laboratory). Instrument Name: CHN Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name:CHN_EA Instrument Description: A CHN Elemental Analyzer is used for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content in organic and other types of materials, including solids, liquids, volatile, and viscous samples.
Wetlabs fluorometer
Wetlabs fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Wetlabs fluorometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Conductivity, temperature, and depth were measured using a Seabird SBE 32 CTD equipped with a Wetlabs fluorometer and a Wetlabs transmissometer (650 nm). Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
Seabird SBE32 CTD rosette
Seabird SBE32 CTD rosette
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Seabird SBE32 CTD rosette PI Supplied Instrument Description:Conductivity, temperature, and depth were measured using a Seabird SBE 32 CTD equipped with a Wetlabs fluorometer and a Wetlabs transmissometer (650 nm). Instrument Name: Seabird SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler Instrument Short Name:SBE 32 Instrument Description: The SBE 32 is a Carousel Water Sampler. With an accessory Deck Unit, the Carousel provides water sampling and real-time CTD data acquisition with any Sea-Bird profiling CTD (requires electro-mechanical cable and slip-ring equipped winch). With an accessory underwater unit, the Carousel can operate autonomously with a Sea-Bird Scientific profiling CTD and can be programmed to close bottles at selected depths, allowing deployment using non-electrical wire or line. The Carousel is available in two models: • Full-size SBE 32 for a 12 or 24-position system (36-position custom). • Compact SBE 32C for a 12-position sampler with bottles up to 8 liters, for use with limited vertical clearance.
Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer (650 nm)
Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer (650 nm)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer (650 nm) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Conductivity, temperature, and depth were measured using a Seabird SBE 32 CTD equipped with a Wetlabs fluorometer and a Wetlabs transmissometer (650 nm). Instrument Name: WET Labs {Sea-Bird WETLabs} C-Star transmissometer Instrument Short Name:WL CSTAR Trans Instrument Description: The C-Star transmissometer has a novel monolithic housing with a highly intgrated opto-electronic design to provide a low cost, compact solution for underwater measurements of beam transmittance. The C-Star is capable of free space measurements or flow-through sampling when used with a pump and optical flow tubes. The sensor can be used in profiling, moored, or underway applications. Available with a 6000 m depth rating.
More information on Sea-Bird website: https://www.seabird.com/c-star-transmissometer/product?id=60762467717 Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0160/