http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/994306 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2026-03-03 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Counts of dead mussels, shell lengths of dead mussels, toxin data from LCMS, and histological results from mussel tissue from rocky intertidal sites on the Oregon coast in 2023 and 2024 2026-04-07 publication 2026-04-07 revision BCO-DMO Linked Data URI 2026-04-07 creation http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/994306 Bruce A. Menge Oregon State University principalInvestigator Brenna Rothman Oregon State University principalInvestigator Audrey Vinton University of Washington principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Menge, B. A., Rothman, B., Vinton, A. (2026) Counts of dead mussels, shell lengths of dead mussels, toxin data from LCMS, and histological results from mussel tissue from rocky intertidal sites on the Oregon coast in 2023 and 2024. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-04-07 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/994306 [access date] Observational mussel disturbance data Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;Collection and analysis of &quot;live&quot; (unprocessed) water samples and separate preserved water samples for assessment of potential toxin-producing phytoplankton was done monthly. Samples were processed by Dr. Eli Meyer of Aquabiomics Inc. (Junction City, OR), by Dr. Ralph Elston of Aquatechnics (Carlsborg, WA), by Dr. Maria Kavanaugh of OSU's College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (Seascape Ecology Lab), and Dr. Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo in the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology at OSU.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Histology: To gain insight into mussel condition, in July 2023, twenty mussels from Fogarty Creek, ranging in shell length from 50 to 130 millimeters (mm) were examined histologically. We followed these with samples of five mussels each from five sites (FC, BB, YB, SH, and TK) in August, September, and October 2023 and June 2024. Mussels were dissected from their shells, preserved in formalin, and shipped to AquaTechnics Inc., in Sequim, Washington for processing. Sections were inspected for evidence of abnormal conditions of the digestive tubules and kidneys.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;For LC-MS sampling, mussel tissue samples for the determination of toxin content using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) (King et al. 2021) (available in OSU's Mass Spectrometry center) were collected from September to December 2023. Sample size was 3 field sites (one per cape) x 3 mussels x 4 seasons = 36 mussels. Liquid chromatography was performed using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 × 50 mm). Mobile phase A consisted of 6.7 mM ammonium hydroxide in water, and mobile phase B consisted of 6.7 mM ammonium hydroxide in acetonitrile. A 6-minute gradient method was used with the following conditions: 0–0.5 min, 70% A / 30% B; 3.5 min, 10% A / 90% B; and 4.1–6.0 min, 70% A / 30% B. The flow rate was 0.500 mL/min, the column temperature was maintained at 40 °C, and the injection volume was 3 µL. The retention time was 5.072 minutes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Mass spectrometry was performed in negative ionization mode with a mass range of 50–1160 Da. Ion source gas pressures were set to 45 and 40 psi, the curtain gas pressure was 35 psi, the source temperature was 500 °C, the declustering potential was −80 V, the collision energy was −10 V, and the scan time was 0.518 s. An inclusion list containing yessotoxin (m/z = 1141.4700 Da) and 45-hydroxy-yessotoxin (m/z = 1157.4700 Da) was used. Instrument output consists of the intensity of the analyte m/z at its corresponding retention time. Extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) were generated by filtering the data by the target m/z values. Peaks in the XICs were integrated to obtain peak area, which was used to calculate analyte concentration based on the calibration curve.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A calibration curve was generated using standards at 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppb. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined using replicate injections of the 10 ppb standard. Using this method, all mussel sample extracts contained toxin concentrations below the LOD. Mussel tissue concentrations of yessotoxin were below 0.15 µg YTX/g mussel.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Histology and toxicology data are not spreadsheets but rather reports (see Supplemental Files). Relevant information is included in each report.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2346837 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2346837 onGoing Bruce A. Menge Oregon State University 541-737-5358 Department of Integrative Biology 4575 SW Research Way Corvallis OR 97333 USA mengeb@oregonstate.edu pointOfContact Brenna Rothman Oregon State University brenroth@uw.edu pointOfContact Audrey Vinton University of Washington audrey.vinton@oregonstate.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown Site site_name site_lat site_lon Date Days_between_samples Bed_number total_number_M_cal_dead number_dd_w_tissue pcnt_w_tissue Bed_area density_dd density_dd_w_tissue wks_that_mus_accumulated density_dd_per_day LC-MS LC-MS theme None, User defined site latitude longitude date time_elapsed sample description number area density featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters Mass Spectrometer Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans http://www.piscoweb.org/ Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans The Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans is a long-term ecosystem research and monitoring program established with the goals of:  understanding dynamics of the coastal ocean ecosystem along the U.S. west coast sharing that knowledge so ocean managers and policy makers can make science based decisions regarding coastal and marine stewardship producing a new generation of scientists trained in interdisciplinary collaborative approaches Over the last 10 years, PISCO has successfully built a unique research program that combines complementary disciplines to answer critical environmental questions and inform management and policy. Activities are conducted at the latitudinal scale of the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem along the west coast of North America, but anchored around the dynamics of coastal, hardbottom habitats and the oceanography of the nearshore ocean – among the most productive and diverse components of this ecosystem. The program integrates studies of changes in the ocean environment through ecological monitoring and experiments. Scientists examine the causes and consequences of ecosystem changes over spatial scales that are the most relevant to marine species and management, but largely unstudied elsewhere. Findings are linked to solutions through a growing portfolio of tools for policy and management decisions. The time from scientific discovery to policy change is greatly reduced by coordinated, efficient links between scientists and key decision makers. Core elements of PISCO are: Interdisciplinary ecosystem science Data archiving and sharing Outreach to public and decision-making user groups Interdisciplinary training Coordination of distributed research team Established in 1999 with funding from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, PISCO is led by scientists from core campuses Oregon State University (OSU); Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station; University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC); and University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Collaborators from other institutions also contribute to leadership and development of PISCO programs.  As of 2005, core PISCO activities are funded by collaborative grants from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Core support, along with additional funding from diverse public and private sources, make this unique partnership possible. PISCO largerWorkCitation program RAPID: A subtle epidemic: unique mortality of Mytilus californianus on the Oregon coast https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/910806 RAPID: A subtle epidemic: unique mortality of Mytilus californianus on the Oregon coast <p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br /> On temperate rocky shores, mussels are a 'foundation' species, serving as prey for multiple predators, able to filter particles out of huge volumes of water, and harboring hundreds of other species, thereby serving a central role in community function. Hence, threats to their abundance and persistence are of significant ecological and societal concern. Past research has shown that mussels are highly resilient and well-adapted to acute, short-lived stresses such as disturbance from winter storms or short-term warming. In summer 2023, a novel pattern of mortality was discovered during routine field research: high numbers of dead mussels, many with tissue remaining in the shell were observed in a scattered pattern. That is, rather than a mass mortality (i.e., all mussels in a large area are killed), single dead mussels surrounded by live and apparently healthy mussels occurred, with multiple dead individuals per square meter. This project investigates the cause of the mortality event, which preliminary data suggests may be a harmful algal bloom. The project also builds capacity by supporting research training for several undergraduate students and informs the public and resource managers about an emerging threat to the stability of rocky intertidal ecosystems.</p> <p>The hypothesis under investigation is that the 2023 'scattered' mortality event at 8 study sites along the Oregon and northern California coasts affecting the rocky intertidal dominant, <em>Mytilus californianus</em>, may be an unusual consequence of a harmful algal bloom. During this event, densities of dead mussels have ranged from 0.7 to 10.6/m2. This novel pattern contrasts with typical mass mortalities of organisms where all individuals within a specific site or area die due to (e.g.) thermal stress or severe storms. The scattered mortality pattern persisted through late September 2023. Preliminary histological evidence suggests the ability of mussels to digest food is being suppressed, most likely by a water-borne toxin. To investigate the cause of the mortality event, the team is (1) collecting monthly (a) water samples for identification of dinoflagellate species and (b) mussel tissue samples for histological investigation of digestive and kidney tissues and high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses for the presence of algal-derived toxins; (2) continuing mussel bed surveys to determine the seasonality of the mortality event; and (3) quantifying mussel bed persistence through winter storms at sites with higher or lower rates of mortality. This research advances understanding of community responses to intense environmental stresses and how these might influence the future of rocky intertidal ecosystems.</p> Scattered mussel mortality largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans -124.12 -124.0718 44.2525 44.8444 2023-06-07 2023-09-30 Rocky intertidal shores of Oregon and northern California 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Counts of dead mussels, shell lengths of dead mussels, toxin data from LCMS, and histological results from mussel tissue from rocky intertidal sites on the Oregon coast in 2023 and 2024 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996037.rdf Name: Site Units: unitless Description: <p>Sampling site code</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996038.rdf Name: site_name Units: unitless Description: <p>Sampling site name</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996039.rdf Name: site_lat Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Sampling site latitude</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996040.rdf Name: site_lon Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Sampling site longitude</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996041.rdf Name: Date Units: unitless Description: <p>Date of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996042.rdf Name: Days_between_samples Units: unitless Description: <p>Number of days between samples</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996043.rdf Name: Bed_number Units: unitless Description: <p>Bed ID number</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996044.rdf Name: total_number_M_cal_dead Units: unitless Description: <p>Total number dead</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996045.rdf Name: number_dd_w_tissue Units: unitless Description: <p>Number of dead mussels with tissue remaining in shell</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996046.rdf Name: pcnt_w_tissue Units: percent Description: <p>Percent of sample with tissue remaining</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996047.rdf Name: Bed_area Units: square meters Description: <p>Bed area</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996048.rdf Name: density_dd Units: number per square meter Description: <p>Density of dead mussels</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996049.rdf Name: density_dd_w_tissue Units: number per square meter Description: <p>Number of dead mussels with tissue per square meter</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996050.rdf Name: wks_that_mus_accumulated Units: unitless Description: <p>Weeks between samples; each dead mussel was removed so this measured death subsequent to last sample</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/996051.rdf Name: density_dd_per_day Units: number per square meter per day Description: <p>Density of dead mussels per day</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/994306/data/download download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;Collection and analysis of &quot;live&quot; (unprocessed) water samples and separate preserved water samples for assessment of potential toxin-producing phytoplankton was done monthly. Samples were processed by Dr. Eli Meyer of Aquabiomics Inc. (Junction City, OR), by Dr. Ralph Elston of Aquatechnics (Carlsborg, WA), by Dr. Maria Kavanaugh of OSU's College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (Seascape Ecology Lab), and Dr. Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo in the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology at OSU.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Histology: To gain insight into mussel condition, in July 2023, twenty mussels from Fogarty Creek, ranging in shell length from 50 to 130 millimeters (mm) were examined histologically. We followed these with samples of five mussels each from five sites (FC, BB, YB, SH, and TK) in August, September, and October 2023 and June 2024. Mussels were dissected from their shells, preserved in formalin, and shipped to AquaTechnics Inc., in Sequim, Washington for processing. Sections were inspected for evidence of abnormal conditions of the digestive tubules and kidneys.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;For LC-MS sampling, mussel tissue samples for the determination of toxin content using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) (King et al. 2021) (available in OSU's Mass Spectrometry center) were collected from September to December 2023. Sample size was 3 field sites (one per cape) x 3 mussels x 4 seasons = 36 mussels. Liquid chromatography was performed using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 × 50 mm). Mobile phase A consisted of 6.7 mM ammonium hydroxide in water, and mobile phase B consisted of 6.7 mM ammonium hydroxide in acetonitrile. A 6-minute gradient method was used with the following conditions: 0–0.5 min, 70% A / 30% B; 3.5 min, 10% A / 90% B; and 4.1–6.0 min, 70% A / 30% B. The flow rate was 0.500 mL/min, the column temperature was maintained at 40 °C, and the injection volume was 3 µL. The retention time was 5.072 minutes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Mass spectrometry was performed in negative ionization mode with a mass range of 50–1160 Da. Ion source gas pressures were set to 45 and 40 psi, the curtain gas pressure was 35 psi, the source temperature was 500 °C, the declustering potential was −80 V, the collision energy was −10 V, and the scan time was 0.518 s. An inclusion list containing yessotoxin (m/z = 1141.4700 Da) and 45-hydroxy-yessotoxin (m/z = 1157.4700 Da) was used. Instrument output consists of the intensity of the analyte m/z at its corresponding retention time. Extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) were generated by filtering the data by the target m/z values. Peaks in the XICs were integrated to obtain peak area, which was used to calculate analyte concentration based on the calibration curve.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A calibration curve was generated using standards at 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppb. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined using replicate injections of the 10 ppb standard. Using this method, all mussel sample extracts contained toxin concentrations below the LOD. Mussel tissue concentrations of yessotoxin were below 0.15 µg YTX/g mussel.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Histology and toxicology data are not spreadsheets but rather reports (see Supplemental Files). Relevant information is included in each report.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) - Imported site metadata from &quot;Copy of 6590_menge_site_descrip.xlsx&quot; (sheet 1) into the BCO-DMO system (site list). - Imported dead mussel count data from &quot;Dead mussel counts_summer 2023.xlsx&quot; (sheet 1) into the BCO-DMO system. - Treated &quot;.&quot; and &quot;na&quot; as missing data values (missing values are empty/blank in the final CSV file). - Joined the site list to the dead mussel count data matching on site code, adding fields: &quot;site_lat&quot;, &quot;site_lon&quot;, and &quot;site_name&quot;. - Converted &quot;Date&quot; field from format &quot;%m-%d-%y&quot; to ISO date format &quot;%Y-%m-%d&quot;. - Imported disturbance comparison data from &quot;Comparison of disturbance number 2023 to 2024.xlsx&quot; (sheet 1) into the BCO-DMO system. - Joined the site list to the disturbance comparison data matching on site code, adding fields: &quot;site_lat&quot;, &quot;site_lon&quot;, and &quot;site_name&quot;. - Imported dead mussel shell length data from &quot;Dead Mussel sizes_shell length_cm.xlsx&quot; (sheet 1) into the BCO-DMO system. - Joined the site list to the dead mussel shell length data matching on site code, adding fields: &quot;site_lat&quot;, &quot;site_lon&quot;, and &quot;site_name&quot;. - Converted Date field in shell length file from &quot;%m-%d-%y&quot; to ISO date format &quot;%Y-%m-%d&quot;. - Renamed fields in all files to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions. - Saved the final primary data file as &quot;994306_v1_dead_mussel_counts_2023.csv&quot;. - Saved the final supplemental files &quot;994306_v1_supplemental_comparison_of_disturbance_2023_2024.csv&quot; and &quot;994306_v1_supplemental_dead_mussel_shell_length.csv&quot;. Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact LC-MS LC-MS PI Supplied Instrument Name: LC-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:Extracts were analyzed using liquid-chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data was acquired on a Sciex ExionLC ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a Sciex 7600 ZenoTOF high-resolution mass spectrometer. Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/ LC-MS LC-MS PI Supplied Instrument Name: LC-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:Extracts were analyzed using liquid-chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data was acquired on a Sciex ExionLC ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a Sciex 7600 ZenoTOF high-resolution mass spectrometer. Instrument Name: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Instrument Short Name:UHPLC Instrument Description: Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography: Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small (< 2 microm) particles and the inlet pressure is relatively high.