http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/997715
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-04-29
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Carbonate chemistry data from water samples collected via CTD Niskin Bottles aboard Falkor (too) on cruises FKT230602 and FKT231202 in hydrothermally active areas off Costa Rica’s Pacific margin from Jun and Dec 2023
2026-04-29
publication
2026-04-29
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-04-29
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/997715
Jorge Cortés-Núñez
Universidad de Costa Rica
principalInvestigator
Beth N. Orcutt
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Celeste Sánchez-Noguera
Universidad de Costa Rica
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Sánchez-Noguera, C., Orcutt, B. N., Cortés-Núñez, J. (2026) Carbonate chemistry data from water samples collected via CTD Niskin Bottles aboard Falkor (too) on cruises FKT230602 and FKT231202 in hydrothermally active areas off Costa Rica’s Pacific margin from Jun and Dec 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-04-29 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/997715 [access date]
CTD Niskin Carbonate Chemistry Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <h2>Water Sampling</h2>
<p>Discrete water samples collected during two Octopus Odyssey expeditions aboard R/V Falkor (too) in June (FKT230602) and December (FKT231202) 2023. The data consists mainly of near-the-surface sampling events, with some take from the bottom at Dorado Outcrop and Pampa Submarina, hydrothermally active areas off Costa Rica’s Pacific margin.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Discrete water samples were collected from 12 L Niskin bottles (24 Niskin bottles-CTD rosette) and in situ physicochemical parameters (temperature, salinity) were measured with CTD.</p>
<h2>Laboratory analyses</h2>
<h3><em>Carbonate chemistry</em></h3>
<p>Carbonate chemistry samples were collected first, as soon as the Niskin bottle was opened and before any other samples (e.g., phytoplankton, nutrients, microplastics, etc.) The sampling order was 1) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and 2) total alkalinity (TA). DIC and TA samples were collected, poisoned and stored following procedures from SOP 3b (Dickson et al. 2007) and REMARCO-AO-P-01 (Sánchez-Noguera 2021). Water was collected from the Niskin bottle using a Tygon tubing. The water flow was constant during the process of rinsing the sample containers/syringes (x3) to remove bubbles from the draw Tygon tubing. Samples were stored in the dark at 4 ºC until analysis at Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR-UCR).</p>
<p><u>DIC</u>: water was slowly drawn from the Niskin with a 60 mL syringe plugged into the Tygon tube. Sample from the syringe was filtered through a 0.45-micron filter and transferred with a smaller Tygon tube into a 40 mL amber borosilicate vial (acid-washed and combusted), rinsed three times with the sample. Sample was poisoned with 50 µL of saturated HgCl2 and vial closed with PTFE septum.</p>
<p><u>TA:</u> 250 mL borosilicate bottles with glass stopper were rinsed (3x) with flowing water and filled directly from the Niskin. Each bottle was allowed to overflow approximately 1.5 times the filling time. Headspace was adjusted with a plastic syringe (10 mL), sample was poisoned with 100 µL of saturated HgCl2 and bottle sealed with a greased stopper (Apiezon-L).</p>
<h3><em>Nutrients</em></h3>
<p>Water was collected from the Niskin with a 60 mL syringe plugged into the Tygon tube. Sample from the syringe was filtered through a 0.45-micron filter and transferred with a smaller Tygon tube to a 60 mL plastic vial, rinsed three times with the filtered sample. Samples were frozen and stored at -20 ºC until analysis.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Office of International Science and Engineering (NSF OISE) Award Number: OISE-2114593 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2114593
onGoing
Jorge Cortés-Núñez
Universidad de Costa Rica
San José
Costa Rica
jorge.cortes@ucr.ac.cr
pointOfContact
Beth N. Orcutt
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567 ext 312
60 Bigelow Drive PO Box 380
East Boothbay
Maine
04544
USA
borcutt@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
Celeste Sánchez-Noguera
Universidad de Costa Rica
celeste.sancheznoguera@ucr.ac.cr
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Sampler
Cruise_Number
Station_Number
Cast_Number
Depth
Subsample
Sample_code
Observations
Responsible
Bottle_No
Lat
Long
T
Sal
DIC
date_time_UTC
Altimeter
Two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+)
Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus
Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)
Automated nondispersive infrared sensor (analyzer multi N/C UV HS, Analytik Jena)
888 Titrando (Methrom)
24 Niskin bottles (12 L)
Two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43)
Transmissometer (WetLabs C-star)
Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD)
Two temperature sensors (SBE 4)
theme
None, User defined
instrument
Cruise identfier
station
cast
depth
sample identification
activity and comments
responsible_entity
bottle
latitude
longitude
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity
dissolved inorganic Carbon
ISO_DateTime_UTC
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Altimeter
Conductivity Meter
CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
Fluorometer
Inorganic Carbon Analyzer
Metrohm 888 Titrando pentiometric titrator
Niskin bottle
Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
Transmissometer
Turbidity Meter
Water Temperature Sensor
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
FKt230602
FKt231202
service
Deployment Activity
Central Eastern Pacific Ocean, offshore Costa Rica
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Crustal Ocean Biosphere Research Accelerator
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/program/856233
Crustal Ocean Biosphere Research Accelerator
NSF Abstract:
The deep seafloor covers two-thirds of Earth’s surface area, but there is limited understanding of the deep-ocean ecosystems and resources and the ability of these ecosystems to withstand human impacts. Human uses such as deep-sea mining and carbon sequestration are poised to fundamentally alter physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the seafloor and surrounding environments. These activities have the potential to rival negative effects from bottom fishing and other human impacts to the deep sea, yet the science to inform and evaluate the impacts of these new industries is lacking. The Crustal Ocean Biosphere Research Accelerator (COBRA) project connects diverse stakeholders and experts – interdisciplinary academic and government scientists, private institutions, policy makers, industry experts and other stakeholders – through virtual meetings to coordinate efforts. The goal is to generate new knowledge and inform decision-making relating to emergent industrial uses of the deep ocean and decrease the likelihood of serious harm to the environment while maintaining the broad benefits that society currently enjoys.
The COBRA network of networks has nine key partners that bring access to international science and crustal ocean exploration assets (Ocean Exploration Trust, Schmidt Ocean Institute, Ocean Networks Canada, Cluster Ocean Floor at MARUM, and C-DeepSea), to experts that provide science-based recommendations to policy makers (Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative working groups, including the Challenger 150 program), to governmental groups responsible for assessing crustal ocean resources (USGS Global Marine Minerals Group), and to experts in team science (CREDITS program). COBRA unites these partners in a common mission to accelerate research on the structure, function, resilience, and ecosystem services of the crustal ocean biosphere to inform decision making. COBRA will help to close knowledge gaps by facilitating dedicated and coordinated expedition and observatory efforts combined with emergent characterization approaches. In parallel, COBRA will train at least 50 globally distributed early-career researchers in ocean exploration, science, and policy through innovative virtual expedition leadership training and support two dozen international research exchanges that promote team science collaboration, diversity, equity, and inclusivity. COBRA will also establish a web-based search portal that points to all data types deposited in appropriate internationally accessible data repositories to promote data discovery and accelerate knowledge transfer and collaboration.
The Accelerating Research through International Network-to-Network Collaborations (AccelNet) program is designed to accelerate the process of scientific discovery and prepare the next generation of U.S. researchers for multiteam international collaborations. The AccelNet program supports strategic linkages among U.S. research networks and complementary networks abroad that will leverage research and educational resources to tackle grand scientific challenges that require significant coordinated international efforts.
This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
Description:
The mission of the Crustal Ocean Biosphere Research Accelerator (COBRA) is to accelerate research on the structure, function, resilience, and ecosystem services of the crustal ocean biosphere to inform decision making. The goal is to generate new knowledge and inform decision-making relating to emergent industrial uses of the deep ocean, such as deep-sea mining and subseafloor carbon sequestration, and decrease the likelihood of serious harm to the environment while maintaining the broad benefits that society currently enjoys. COBRA will help to close knowledge gaps by facilitating dedicated and coordinated expedition and observatory efforts combined with emergent characterization approaches. In parallel, COBRA will train at least 50 globally distributed early-career researchers in ocean exploration, science, and policy through innovative virtual expedition leadership training and support two dozen international research exchanges that promote team science collaboration, diversity, equity, and inclusivity. COBRA will also establish a web-based search portal that points to all data types deposited in appropriate internationally accessible data repositories to promote data discovery and accelerate knowledge transfer and collaboration.
Affiliated Programs:
C-DEBI, IODP, OOI, DOSI, Schmidt Ocean Institute, Ocean Exploration Trust, Ocean Networks Trust
COBRA
largerWorkCitation
program
Octopus Odyssey
https://schmidtocean.org/cruise/octopus-odyssey/
Octopus Odyssey
<p><strong>Brief Overview:</strong><br />
The first Octopus Odyssey expedition took place from June 2 to June 21, 2023 on R/V Falkor (too). The second expedition, Octopus Odyssey (too) took place from December 2 to December 15, 2023. Both expeditions explored The Dorado Outcrop, one of Costa Rica's "Off-Axis seamounts on the complex Cocos Plate. These two cruises featured early career training activities and international capacity-sharing elements that were integrated into the NSF-funded COBRA program. In addition to the NSF award, this project was also supported by Schmidt Ocean Institute, Blue Nature Alliance, and Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences.</p>
<p>More information is available from Schmidt Ocean Institute at:<br />
<a href="https://schmidtocean.org/cruise/octopus-odyssey/" target="_blank">https://schmidtocean.org/cruise/octopus-odyssey/</a><br />
and<br />
<a href="https://schmidtocean.org/cruise/octopus-odyssey-too/" target="_blank">https://schmidtocean.org/cruise/octopus-odyssey-too/</a></p>
<p><strong>Detailed Description:</strong><br />
Seamount ecosystems support highly diverse animal communities on the seafloor and the surrounding ocean, yet the diversity, connectivity and ecosystem services of these environments is poorly understood. The Pacific Ocean margin of Costa Rica contains a range of seamount habitats, from the rough terrain of the southwestern margin to the sparser terrain of the northwest margin. While the southwestern terrain has previously been surveyed (including by R/V Falkor in 2019) and some seamount areas are already protected, far less is known about the ecosystems of the northwestern terrain. In 2013/2014 unique animal behaviors and hydrothermal venting were discovered using ROV Jason and HOV Alvin on a small feature in the northwestern terrain. Namely, extensive aggregations of octopus were observed at a place called the Dorado Outcrop, located in areas of diffuse venting of slightly warmed hydrothermal fluids. At the time of discovery, it was unclear if these aggregations could be considered nurseries, since no viable eggs were observed with brooding mothers.</p>
<p>Two expeditions of the RV Falkor (too) were planned for 2023 to return to this region to ask new questions about the connection of life, rocks, and fluids around these seafloor features. The team wanted to answer questions, such as:</p>
<ul>
<li>Are there viable octopus nurseries hosted on seamounts offshore Costa Rica?</li>
<li>If yes, are the octopus nurseries active at a different time of year?</li>
<li>Do octopus brooding in hydrothermal springs have different microbiomes as compared to other octopus, and are those microbiomes connected to the microbes in the hydrothermal springs or surrounding rocks?</li>
<li>Are the hydrothermal spring fluids unique, representing different trends in fluid-rock-life reactions, or do they represent a single altered fluid?</li>
<li>Are there seasonal trends in biodiversity on the seafloor or in the water above?</li>
</ul>
<p>In June of 2023, an international team traveled to this region aboard R/V Falkor (too) for the Octopus Odyssey Leg 1 expedition Fkt230602 with a major goal to determine if the eggs at the nursery were viable, as past expeditions to the outcrop had never seen evidence of developing embryos. From 2-21 June 2023, we conducted 14 dives with ROV SuBastian to explore six seafloor features (only one of which had ever been explored before), augmented by 13 full-water-column CTD Niskin Rosette casts and six multibeam surveys. We had roughly 229 hours of ROV operations in the water (172 hours on the seafloor + 57 hours of ascent/descent), resulting in 208 hours of video. The longest ROV dive was approximately 35 hours and the deepest depth of ROV exploration was 3178 m. We had 285 sampling events during the ROV dives: 150 primary biological specimens (plus associates), 66 sediment push cores, 28 ROV Niskin samples of bottom water, 13 squeezer fluid samples, 30 rock samples. This also included deployments of 22 different experiments planned for recovery in December 2023, and recovery of 2 experiments from the Dorado Outcrop deployed in 2014. We also conducted 31 video transects. Operations went very smoothly, although some transit between sites had to be diverted due to long line fishing in the area, and one medical evacuation required transit to port before returning to site. On the first ROV dive at the nursery in June, we witnessed baby octopus hatching, confirming our primary hypothesis that there are viable octopus nurseries in this region. We also found the fifth known octopus nursery in the world on a different seafloor feature 30 nautical miles away. Exploration of the six seafloor features on the expedition revealed an incredibly rich biodiversity and biogeography of life on ancient volcanoes offshore Costa Rica. We also documented additional evidence of the hydrogeology of the region – how water moves in, out, and through oceanic crust. This data can inform why volcanoes and earthquakes in Costa Rica vary as different types of seamounts and oceanic crust subducts beneath overriding plates.</p>
<p>In December 2023, the Octopus Odyssey (too) Leg 2 team returned to this region on RV Falkor (too) on expedition Fkt231202 to ask new questions about biodiversity in the region and to recover experiments to track the hydrogeology of the area. From 1-15 December 2023, Octopus Odyssey (too) conducted twelve full-ocean depth ROV dives with ROV SuBastian, augmented by five full-ocean depth CTD Niskin Rosette casts, and multibeam operations resulting in 7416 km2 of coverage in Costa Rican waters. We had roughly 104 hours of ROV operations (55 hours on the seafloor + 49 hours of ascent/descent). This has resulted in approximately 141 hours of video. The longest ROV dive was a little over 16 hours and the deepest depth of ROV exploration was 3179 mbsl. We had 241 sampling events with the ROV in the water: 93 primary biological specimens, 14 sediment push cores, 21 ROV Niskin samples, 20 rock samples, and 51 fluid samples collected with a third-party SUPR sampler. On the ship, we collected an additional 66 secondary associate biological samples from primary specimens, bringing the total number of samples to 307 (this does not include subsamples). We also conducted 23 video transects. For the most part, our operations went according to schedule. No ROV operations were ended early due to operational issues, although one dive was aborted on launch due to a ground fault in a third-party instrument; this was quickly resolved and the dive restarted. One dive ended early due to a fishing long-line drifting towards the vessel; we recovered early then re-dove on the site after the long-line passed by. Communications with fishing boats and the fisheries ministry, enabled by the Berth-of-Opportunity Observer from Instituto Costarricense de Pesca y Acuacultura (INCOPESCA), helped prevent further issues in the area. The biggest finding of the return expedition was confirmation that the octopus nurseries offshore Costa Rica support baby octopus throughout the year, not just in the summer rainy season. Scientists onboard witnessed spectacular scenes of the first moments of life, as baby octopus emerged from their eggs, including traveling with one hatchling for an epic journey over 150 m up into the water. Immature eggs were also observed to have tiny octopus embryos inside. Having two expeditions to the same region in one year was essential for confirming this finding. Moreover, the seamounts offshore Costa Rica support at least four new species of deep-sea octopuses, based on the collection of specimens from both Octopus Odyssey expeditions in June and December 2023. This is an unprecedented biodiversity of octopus in this small area especially at these depths.</p>
<p>Equally as important as achieving the scientific objectives was the objective to continue the theme of capacity sharing, early career development, and raising awareness of deep-sea heritage in Latin America. The international Octopus Odyssey and Octopus Odyssey (too) teams gathered to achieve collaborative co-production of knowledge and training with Costa Ricans, honoring the work in Costa Rica’s waters. Spanish-speaking scientists were given priority for dive lead watches to enable livestream narration in Spanish, and priority for leadership experience. Ship-to-shore engagements were also prioritized for Spanish-speaking audiences, particularly in Costa Rica. These efforts were intended to raise the profile of the deep-sea heritage in Costa Rica ahead of the 2024 UN Ocean Conference meeting taking place in Costa Rica in June 2024. Over 300 biological specimens collected on the two expeditions are archived at the Museum of Zoology at the University of Costa Rica, enabling current and future generations of students and researchers to develop expertise in regional deep-sea animals. It is likely that many of the specimens collected represent new species and new records of known species for the region. Rock and sediment samples collected on the expeditions are revolutionizing the understanding of the complex geological origins and processes occurring on this part of the seafloor. Surprisingly, initial analysis of microfossils in sediments reveals that seafloor sediments are millions-of-years old, indicating strong currents, dissolution and scouring. In addition, fossils of beaked whales were found on numerous outcrops. All microfossils and macrofossils are archived in the Paleontology collection at the Central American School of Geology at the University of Costa Rica for continued study, with additional mineralogical samples shared with the Global Marine Minerals Program at the U.S. Geological Society. Finally, bathymetric and subbottom profile mapping data conducted on the OctoOdyssey expeditions was used to define the diverse seafloor features in this region to then propose official names to GEBCO. This naming effort is being led by Costa Rican scientists in consultation with the Costa Rican Committee on Nomenclature; the new proposed names were unanimously approved by the committee and will now be included on Costa Rican maps.</p>
OctoOdyssey
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Central Eastern Pacific Ocean, offshore Costa Rica
-87.3238
-85.643
8.6202
9.2406
2023-06-03
2023-12-10
Central Eastern Pacific offshore Costa Rica
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Carbonate chemistry data from water samples collected via CTD Niskin Bottles aboard Falkor (too) on cruises FKT230602 and FKT231202 in hydrothermally active areas off Costa Rica’s Pacific margin from Jun and Dec 2023
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997737.rdf
Name: Sampler
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Type of sampler used (24 Niskin bottles-CTD Rosette)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997738.rdf
Name: Cruise_Number
Units: unitless
Description: <p>ID for the research cruise or expedition</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997739.rdf
Name: Station_Number
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Specific station where the sample was collected, corresponding to a geographic location or a sampling point during the cruise</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997740.rdf
Name: Cast_Number
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Refers to the specific lowering and raising of the CTD-Rosette (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) instrument to gather data at different depths, known as a cast""</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997741.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Sampling depth, corresponding units are included in the column heading</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997743.rdf
Name: Subsample
Units: unitless
Description: <p>ID for any subset or portion of the original sample collected with a specific Niskin bottle, which is taken to analyze a specific parameter (e.g. DIC, TA, nutrients)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997744.rdf
Name: Sample_code
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique ID composed of (Cruise ID + Station Number + Cast Number + Depth + Subsample ID), used to identify the sample for tracking/cataloging purposes in the lab or database</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997745.rdf
Name: Observations
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Notes or remarks corresponding to sample collection or analysis, providing context or additional information relevant to the sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997746.rdf
Name: Responsible
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Person or group in charge of collecting and/or analyzing the sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997747.rdf
Name: Bottle_No
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number associated with the specific Niskin bottle used to collect the sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997748.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of sampling location, positive is North</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997750.rdf
Name: Long
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of sampling location, negative is West</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997752.rdf
Name: T
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Temperature of the sample in situ</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997753.rdf
Name: Sal
Units: g/kg
Description: <p>Salinity of the sample in situ</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997754.rdf
Name: DIC
Units: µmol/kg
Description: <p>Dissolved inorganic carbon of the sample measured in the laboratory</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/997755.rdf
Name: date_time_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling datetime in UTC</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/997715/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<h2>Water Sampling</h2>
<p>Discrete water samples collected during two Octopus Odyssey expeditions aboard R/V Falkor (too) in June (FKT230602) and December (FKT231202) 2023. The data consists mainly of near-the-surface sampling events, with some take from the bottom at Dorado Outcrop and Pampa Submarina, hydrothermally active areas off Costa Rica’s Pacific margin.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Discrete water samples were collected from 12 L Niskin bottles (24 Niskin bottles-CTD rosette) and in situ physicochemical parameters (temperature, salinity) were measured with CTD.</p>
<h2>Laboratory analyses</h2>
<h3><em>Carbonate chemistry</em></h3>
<p>Carbonate chemistry samples were collected first, as soon as the Niskin bottle was opened and before any other samples (e.g., phytoplankton, nutrients, microplastics, etc.) The sampling order was 1) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and 2) total alkalinity (TA). DIC and TA samples were collected, poisoned and stored following procedures from SOP 3b (Dickson et al. 2007) and REMARCO-AO-P-01 (Sánchez-Noguera 2021). Water was collected from the Niskin bottle using a Tygon tubing. The water flow was constant during the process of rinsing the sample containers/syringes (x3) to remove bubbles from the draw Tygon tubing. Samples were stored in the dark at 4 ºC until analysis at Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR-UCR).</p>
<p><u>DIC</u>: water was slowly drawn from the Niskin with a 60 mL syringe plugged into the Tygon tube. Sample from the syringe was filtered through a 0.45-micron filter and transferred with a smaller Tygon tube into a 40 mL amber borosilicate vial (acid-washed and combusted), rinsed three times with the sample. Sample was poisoned with 50 µL of saturated HgCl2 and vial closed with PTFE septum.</p>
<p><u>TA:</u> 250 mL borosilicate bottles with glass stopper were rinsed (3x) with flowing water and filled directly from the Niskin. Each bottle was allowed to overflow approximately 1.5 times the filling time. Headspace was adjusted with a plastic syringe (10 mL), sample was poisoned with 100 µL of saturated HgCl2 and bottle sealed with a greased stopper (Apiezon-L).</p>
<h3><em>Nutrients</em></h3>
<p>Water was collected from the Niskin with a 60 mL syringe plugged into the Tygon tube. Sample from the syringe was filtered through a 0.45-micron filter and transferred with a smaller Tygon tube to a 60 mL plastic vial, rinsed three times with the filtered sample. Samples were frozen and stored at -20 ºC until analysis.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>DIC data output from instrumentation was&nbsp;converted to units of&nbsp;µmol/kg from mg/kg. TA values were calculated from titration data, with a modified version of an R script developed by Comeau and Gazeau (Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefrance-sur-Mer) largely based on SOP 3b (Dickson et al. 2007). Final values of DIC and TA included in the dataset resulted from applying a daily correction factor (CF) to the measured values. The CF is determined by calibration of the system against a certified reference material (CRM) prepared at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, San Diego.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Loaded data from "DIC_fkt230602_fkt231202_Rosette_dm.csv" in CSV format, treating "nd" and empty strings as missing values, with headers from row 1
- Renamed fields: "Sal (g/kg)" to "Sal", "DIC (µmol/kg)" to "DIC", "Station #" to "Station_Number", "Cast #" to "Cast_Number", "Bottle No." to "Bottle_No", and "T (°C)" to "T"
- Applied find/replace on "Responsible" field using regex pattern "S[^a-zA-Z]nchez" to correct encoding corruption, replacing matches with "Sánchez"
- Combined "Date (mm-dd-yyyy)" and "TimeUTC (hh:mm:ss)" fields into a new "date_time_UTC" datetime field formatted as "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ" in UTC
- Deleted original date and time fields "Date (mm-dd-yyyy)" and "TimeUTC (hh:mm:ss)"
- Applied find/replace on "Long" field to prepend a negative sign to any longitude values not already negative
- Output written to "997114_v1_dic_fkt230602_fkt231202_rosette.csv"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Altimeter
Altimeter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Altimeter PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Altimeter Instrument Short Name:Altimeter Instrument Description: An instrument that measures height above a fixed surface. The data can be used to map ocean-surface topography and generate gridded surface height fields. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/379/
Two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+)
Two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Conductivity Meter Instrument Short Name:Conductivity Meter Instrument Description: Conductivity Meter - An electrical conductivity meter (EC meter) measures the electrical conductivity in a solution. Commonly used in hydroponics, aquaculture and freshwater systems to monitor the amount of nutrients, salts or impurities in the water.
Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus
Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 911plus Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0058/
Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)
Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Fluorometer (chlorophyll a) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
Automated nondispersive infrared sensor (analyzer multi N/C UV HS, Analytik Jena)
Automated nondispersive infrared sensor (analyzer multi N/C UV HS, Analytik Jena)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Automated nondispersive infrared sensor (analyzer multi N/C UV HS, Analytik Jena) PI Supplied Instrument Description:DIC samples were analyzed using an automated nondispersive infrared sensor (analyzer multi N/C UV HS, Analytik Jena). DIC was determined by acidifying the samples with 10% H3PO4 and quantifying the extracted CO2 gas by NDIR spectrometry. Instrument Name: Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments measuring carbonate in sediments and inorganic carbon (including DIC) in the water column.
888 Titrando (Methrom)
888 Titrando (Methrom)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: 888 Titrando (Methrom) PI Supplied Instrument Description:TA was determined by open-cell potentiometric titration with an 888 Titrando (Methrom) following procedures from SOP 3b (Dickson et al., 2007). Instrument Name: Metrohm 888 Titrando pentiometric titrator Instrument Short Name:Metrohm 888 Titrando Instrument Description: A modular pentiometric titrator for dynamic, monotonic and set endpoint titrations. The instrument consists of an intergrated buret, rod or magnetic stirrer and dosing system. Operation is carried out by means of a touch-sensitive display or with high-performance PC software. Temperature is measured by a Pt1000 or NTC. It has a measuring range of -13 to 20 pH, resolution of 0.001 pH and measuring accuracy of +/-0.003 pH.
24 Niskin bottles (12 L)
24 Niskin bottles (12 L)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: 24 Niskin bottles (12 L) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43)
Two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Instrument Short Name:SBE-43 DO Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor is a redesign of the Clark polarographic membrane type of dissolved oxygen sensors. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0036/
Transmissometer (WetLabs C-star)
Transmissometer (WetLabs C-star)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Transmissometer Instrument Short Name:Transmissometer Instrument Description: A transmissometer measures the beam attenuation coefficient of the lightsource over the instrument's path-length. This instrument designation is used when specific manufacturer, make and model are not known. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/124/
Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD)
Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Turbidity Meter Instrument Short Name:Turbidity Meter Instrument Description: A turbidity meter measures the clarity of a water sample. A beam of light is shown through a water sample. The turbidity, or its converse clarity, is read on a numerical scale. Turbidity determined by this technique is referred to as the nephelometric method from the root meaning "cloudiness". This word is used to form the name of the unit of turbidity, the NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). The meter reading cannot be used to compare the turbidity of different water samples unless the instrument is calibrated. Description from: http://www.gvsu.edu/wri/education/instructor-s-manual-turbidity-10.htm
(One example is the Orion AQ4500 Turbidimeter)
Two temperature sensors (SBE 4)
Two temperature sensors (SBE 4)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Two temperature sensors (SBE 4) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD system on a rosette carrying 24 Niskin bottles (12 L), equipped with two temperature sensors (SBE 4), two conductivity sensors (SBE 3+), two dissolved oxygen sensors (SBE 43), Fluorometer (chlorophyll a)/Turbidity Meter (WetLabs ECO FLNTUD), transmissometer (WetLabs C-star) and altimeter. Instrument Name: Water Temperature Sensor Instrument Short Name:Water Temp Sensor Instrument Description: General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/
Cruise: FKt230602
FKt230602
R/V Falkor (too)
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Falkor (too)
vessel
FKt230602
Beth N. Orcutt
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Cruise: FKt231202
FKt231202
R/V Falkor (too)
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Falkor (too)
vessel
FKt231202
Beth N. Orcutt
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
R/V Falkor (too)
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Falkor (too)
vessel