14:I[71133,["4507","static/chunks/e2799680-446c489506865058.js","7665","static/chunks/7665-81c5407bc4489ff9.js","8500","static/chunks/8500-e4dd1cb1bb626827.js","9753","static/chunks/9753-028c0a26aa71f2d4.js","8437","static/chunks/8437-a09d0b83fcec76af.js","4557","static/chunks/4557-64c5efa221bc528f.js","947","static/chunks/947-410627998426400f.js","5357","static/chunks/5357-6142894e88cb7da2.js","8382","static/chunks/app/dataset/%5Bid%5D/data/view/page-177ea8adea7aed86.js"],"default"] 15:T43e,

All observations were made while snorkeling in ~3 meters (m), with a minimum of two observers in the water. Observers were positioned to simultaneously visualize multiple morphologies with the goal of observing five common lagoon species (P. effusa, P. grandis, P. meandrina, P. verrucosa, and P. tuahiniensis). Coral spawning observations were documented as follows: (1) photographs of each colony were taken during or following spawning (Canon G7X MarkII); (2) colonies were tagged and geolocated via GPS (Garmin GPSMAP 64); (3) biopsies were collected from each tagged colony in sterile Whirlpaks; and (4) where possible, gametes were collected from the water next to the colonies when the spawning phenomenon begins, by creating a siphon system using plastic bottles. After collecting eggs and sperm from different colonies (one bottle per colony), the bottles used for collection were poured into larger reservoirs (~5 liter bottles) to facilitate genetic mixing, as well as fertilization as soon as possible directly on a boat.

16:T5b0,- Loaded CSV file "Pocillopora_spawning_IDs.csv" into the BCO-DMO processing system. - Renamed column "Date_spawned_YYYYMMDD" to "Date_spawned" and "Notes1" to "Notes". - Converted "Date_spawned" from YYYYMMDD string format to ISO 8601 date format (YYYY-MM-DD), overwriting the original column. - Converted combined "Date_spawned" and "Spawning_Start_Time" fields from UTC-10 to UTC ISO 8601 datetime, stored in new column "Spawning_Start_Date_Time_UTC". - Converted combined "Date_spawned" and "Spawning_End_Time" fields from UTC-10 to UTC ISO 8601 datetime, stored in new column "Spawning_End_Date_Time_UTC". - Saved the final file as "999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_ids.csv". Supplemental Files: - Loaded CSV file "Pocillopora_spawning_timing.csv" into the BCO-DMO processing system. - Converted the "Date" column from "%Y%m%d" format to "%Y-%m-%d" date format. - Renamed columns by replacing periods with underscores. - Saved the final file as "999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_timing.csv". - Loaded CSV file "spawning_yes_no.csv" into the BCO-DMO system. - Converted Date column from day-month-year format (e.g., 15-Jan-2020) to ISO 8601 date format (YYYY-MM-DD). - Saved the final file as "999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_yes_no.csv". 2026-09-10: This dataset has been published "as is". Final review by the data submitter was not received after the data were imported into the BCO-DMO data system and processed as described above.17:T6d4,Knowledge of coral gamete release is fundamental to reef ecology and evolution, but cryptic species complicate reproduction studies. In Mo'orea, French Polynesia, when corals were decimated by crown-of-thorns and a cyclone between 2007-2010, recruitment of six cryptic species of Pocillopora spp. primarily drove decadal reef recovery. Broadcast spawning for these genetically-verified species at Mo'orea is, however, undocumented in the scientific literature. We conducted in situ surveys over 58 days during September 2022-January 2023, October 2023-January 2024, and October 2024-December 2024. To identify the Pocillopora spp., we used molecular analysis of mtORF and PocHistone markers. P. meandrina and P. grandis spawned 2-3 days following the full moons of October-December. In contrast, P. verrucosa and P. tuahiniensis spawned at the new moons in November-December, with P. verrucosa spawning on lunar days 0-1, and P. tuahiniensis spawning on lunar days 1-3. Diel offset in the timing of spawning following sunrise was present in both moon phases indicating a temporal speciation barrier. P. verrucosa spawned ~45 minutes after sunrise, whereas P. tuahiniensis spawned ~73 minutes after sunrise. Similarly, P. grandis spawned ~40 minutes after sunrise, whereas P. meandrina spawned ~65 minutes after sunrise. Only one colony of P. effusa spawned (lunar day 3 new moon ~06:30-06:50), requiring further confirmation of the timing for this low abundance species. Collectively, these first spawning reports provide an initial scientific documentation of Pocillopora spawning at the genetically-verified species level in Mo'orea, increasing capacity to study the essential process of coral reproduction for critical reef building species. 18:Tc32,NSF Award Abstract: Natural and anthropogenic impacts are increasingly co-occurring with negative consequences for marine systems, specifically coral reefs. Natural predator outbreaks, such as the corallivorous Crown of Thorns Sea stars, can rapidly kill corals. Further, the stress generated by climate and ocean warming is driving coral bleaching, or the breakdown of the coral-dinoflagellate nutritional symbiosis, which can cause coral starvation and mass mortality. The reefs of Mo'orea, French Polynesia, are currently experiencing an outbreak of Crown of Thorns sea stars, with high coral mortality. In conjunction, the current El Niño warming is driving up ocean temperatures, with the potential to exacerbate peak seasonal thermal stress on corals. In particular, Pocillopora spp, which are dominant reef builders in Mo'orea, are being preferentially eaten by Crown of Thorns Sea stars and have historically displayed coral bleaching during the warmest months. In light of the rapid and extensive coral predation on the ecologically dominant Pocillopora spp on the forereef in Mo'orea and compounding El Niño thermal stress, this project examines the role of lagoon reef Pocillopora spp reproduction, recruitment, and temperature tolerance in reef recovery. This work provides the capacity to quantify species-specific reproduction and thermal tolerance to better understand and forecast legacy effects on reef recovery and resilience. Broader impacts of this project include research support for early career scientist training, as well as data and materials for undergraduate and high school student curriculum modules and research projects for schools in French Polynesia and Rhode Island. This project represents an urgently needed assessment of the impact of multiple co-occurring disturbance events of corallivore outbreaks and thermal stress on coral reefs. Along with quantifying the Crown of Thorns Sea star abundance and distribution, researchers are completing a genetic and ecological characterization of the diversity and abundance of adult and juvenile Pocillopora spp in the lagoon to determine the population prior to spawning and thermal peak, quantifying reproduction of Pocillopora spp and larval thermal tolerance, and determining the density and thermal tolerance of Pocillopora spp recruits in the lagoon and forereef during the peak of seasonal thermal stress and several months after, in an El Niño year. The results advance understanding of the consequences of coral spawning and recruitment immediately following a natural disturbance. Importantly, the project provides information on how the dominant Pocillopora spp are contending with the chronic and acute stress of ocean warming and marine heat waves at sensitive early life stages. The results of this project provide a deeper understanding of the legacy of stress on the ecologically, economically, and culturally significant coral reef ecosystem. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.6:["$","$L14",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"999317","description":"","problem":"","acquisition":"$15","processing":"

Sanger sequencing was completed with mtORF forward primers using Applied Biosystems BigDye Terminator v3.1 chemistry on the Applied Biosystems 3730 Genetic Analyzer with Capillary Electrophoresis. Sequences were aligned using Geneious Alignment in GENEIOUS PRIME 2020.2.4.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"$16","title":"Pocillopora coral spawning times and species identifications in Moorea French Polynesia 2022 - 2024","nickname":"Pocillopora Coral Spawning Polynesia 2022 - 2024","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":false,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2026-06-16T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"$17","citation":"Putnam, H. (2026) Pocillopora coral spawning times and species identifications in Moorea French Polynesia 2022 - 2024. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-06-16 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.999317.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.999317.1","versionDate":"2026-06-16","versionId":"1","year":"2026","title":"Pocillopora coral spawning times and species identifications in Moorea French Polynesia 2022 - 2024","authors":"Putnam, H.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.999317.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"Moorea, French Polynesia","temporal_extent":{"start":"2022-10-09T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2024-12-17T05:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1665288000","label":"2022-10-09"},"end":{"value":"1734411600","label":"2024-12-17"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"point","center":{"latitude":-17.47701,"longitude":-149.805671},"wkt":" POINT (-149.805671 -17.47701)","north":0,"east":0,"south":0,"west":0},"dataset_type":["Other Field Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"1007490","title":"999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_ids.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/file/N7MWEn9FMwN49M/999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_ids.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/data/view/1007490","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 999317, version 1","filename":"999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_ids.csv","bytesize":9821,"checksum":{"value":"14941f9cab8550dd1cc8fee543d0aa9d","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_999317_v1","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[{"id":"1007491","title":"999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_timing.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/file/YV1qQB6uNv2nzG/999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_timing.csv","showTableUrl":"","description":"Supplemental file for dataset ID 999317, version 1. Contains data documenting the start time of spawning for each species and each day of observation.\r\n\r\nColumn name, Description, Units, BCO-DMO Standard Name, Data Type:\r\n\r\nSpecies,mtORF and PocHistone genetic marker determined species identification,unitless,species,String\r\nDate,Date of observation,date,date,Date,%Y-%m-%d\r\nMoon,Lunar period of observation (Full or New),unitless,sample_descrip,String\r\nSunrise,Time of sunrise GMT-10,unitless,time,String\r\nSpawning,Time of spawning GMT-10,unitless,time,String\r\nTime_after_sunrise_hm,Time after sunrise in hour:minute format,unitless,time,String\r\nTime_after_sunrise_min,Time after sunrise in minutes,unitless,time,Integer\r\n\r\n","filename":"999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_timing.csv","bytesize":1304,"checksum":{"value":"a2687665868aecac7c27e26a5c039518","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false},{"id":"1007492","title":"999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_yes_no.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/file/ypV26O8FyVpnZ9/999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_yes_no.csv","showTableUrl":"","description":"Supplemental file for dataset ID 999317, version 1. Contains data documenting the presence (yes) or the absence (no) of spawning for each day of observation.\n\nColumn name, Description, Units, BCO-DMO Standard Name, Data Type:\n\nSpecies,mtORF and PocHistone genetic marker determined species identification,unitless,species,String\nYear,Year of observation ,unitless,year,Integer\nMonth,Month of observation,unitless,month,String\nDate,Date of observation,unitless,date,Date,%Y-%m-%d\nMoon,Lunar period of observation (Full or New),unitless,sample_descrip,String\nDay,Lunar day of observation following new or full moon,day,time_elapsed,Integer\nSpawn,Presence (yes) or absence (no) of spawning,unitless,sample_descrip,String\n\n\n","filename":"999317_v1_pocillopora_spawning_yes_no.csv","bytesize":17063,"checksum":{"value":"e198d1541252df881b5174176cc124ba","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false}],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"755674","name":"Hollie Putnam"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"636570","name":"University of Rhode Island"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[],"funding":[{"_id":"910965","name":"OCE-2348674","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2348674"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"1001077","name":"Applied Biosystems 3730 Genetic Analyzer with Capillary Electrophoresis","description":"Sanger sequencing was completed on the Applied Biosystems 3730 Genetic Analyzer with Capillary Electrophoresis.","type_id":"649","type_name":"Automated DNA Sequencer","type_desc":"A DNA sequencer is an instrument that determines the order of deoxynucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid sequences.","type_acronym":"Automated Sequencer"},{"_id":"1001076","name":"plastic bottle","description":"Gametes were collected from the water next to the colonies by creating a siphon system using plastic bottles.","type_id":"542498","type_name":"Bottle","type_desc":"A container, typically made of glass or plastic and with a narrow neck, used for storing drinks or other liquids.","type_acronym":"Bottle"},{"_id":"1001073","name":"Canon G7X Mark II","description":"Photographs were taken during using a Canon G7X Mark II.","type_id":"520","type_name":"Camera","type_desc":"All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems.","type_acronym":"camera"},{"_id":"1001075","name":"snorkel","description":"All observations were made while snorkeling.","type_id":"645675","type_name":"Diving Mask and Snorkel","type_desc":"A diving mask (also half mask, dive mask or scuba mask) is an item of diving equipment that allows underwater divers, including, scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater.\r\n\r\nSnorkel: A breathing apparatus for swimmers and surface divers that allows swimming or continuous use of a face mask without lifting the head to breathe, consisting of a tube that curves out of the mouth and extends above the surface of the water.","type_acronym":""},{"_id":"1001074","name":"Garmin GPSMAP 64","description":"Tagged colonies were geolocated via GPS (Garmin GPSMAP 64).","type_id":"560","type_name":"Global Positioning System Receiver","type_desc":"The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S. space-based radionavigation system that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis. The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments of the NAVSTAR GPS transmitter system. Ships use a variety of receivers (e.g. Trimble and Ashtech) to interpret the GPS signal and determine accurate latitude and longitude.","type_acronym":"GPS"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"1001097","name":"Sample_ID","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Sample ID

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

"}},{"_id":"1001098","name":"Date_spawned","format":"%Y-%m-%d","frictionlessType":"date","description":"

Date of observation

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"1001099","name":"Year","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Year of observation

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1062","name":"year","description":"

year, reported as YYYY, e.g. 1995

"}},{"_id":"1001100","name":"Moon","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Lunar period of observation (full or new)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"1001101","name":"Month","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Month of observation

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1115","name":"month","description":"

Month of year; numeric 1 to 12.

"}},{"_id":"1001102","name":"Day_before_after_Moon","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Number of days before (negative values) or after (positive values) full or new moon

","units":{"_id":"","name":"number of days"},"type":{"_id":"472026","name":"time_point","description":"

Arbitrary time point of sampling in a sampling sequence (T0, T1,....Tn)

"}},{"_id":"1001103","name":"Spawning_Start_Time","format":"%I:%M:%S %p","frictionlessType":"time","description":"

Spawning start time; Time zone is GMT-10

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1010","name":"time_start_local","description":"

starting time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock

"}},{"_id":"1001104","name":"Spawning_End_Time","format":"%I:%M:%S %p","frictionlessType":"time","description":"

Spawning end time; Time zone is GMT-10

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1004","name":"time_end_local","description":"

ending time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock

"}},{"_id":"1001105","name":"Haplotype","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Pocillopora mtORF Haplotype

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"1001106","name":"Species","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Pocillopora species identification following mtORF and PocHistone genetic marker sequencing

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"976","name":"species","description":"

a taxonomic binomial that consists of a genus name followed by the species name of an organism

"}},{"_id":"1001107","name":"Notes","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Notes

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"778","name":"comment","description":"

free text comments, may only have meaning to submitting PI

"}},{"_id":"1001108","name":"Spawning_Start_Date_Time_UTC","format":"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ","frictionlessType":"datetime","description":"

Spawning start date and time; Time zone is UTC

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"1001110","name":"Spawning_End_Date_Time_UTC","format":"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ","frictionlessType":"datetime","description":"

Spawning end date and time; Time zone is UTC

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"1001112","citation":"Harnay, P., Turner, A., Burgess, S., & Putnam, H. (2023). Daytime broadcast spawning in cryptic <i>Pocillopora</i> species at Mo’orea, French Polynesia. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.05.558016\r\n","relation_type":["Results"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[{"_id":"","name":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5GEQD","relation_type":"IsRelatedTo","type_desc":"The dataset is related to another dataset.","relation_desc":"The related dataset is all of the data and code as well as images and sequence files for the manuscript.","citation":"Harnay, P., Turner, A., Burgess, S., & Putnam, H. (2023). Pocillopora spawning in Moʻorea, French Polynesia. OSF. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5GEQD"}],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"ERDDAP","items":[{"name":"SUBSET DATA","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_999317_v1.html","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"tool"},{"name":"VIEW TABLE","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_999317_v1.htmlTable","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"CSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_999317_v1.csv","contentType":"text/csv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"TSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_999317_v1.tsv","contentType":"text/tsv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"MATLAB","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_999317_v1.mat","contentType":"text/x-matlab","actionType":"download"},{"name":"netCDF","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_999317_v1.nc","contentType":"application/x-netcdf","actionType":"download"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/999317/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"910966","name":"Coral reproduction following mass corallivore outbreak and offspring tolerance during El Nino modulates reef recovery","acronym":"Corallivore and warming impacts on coral reproduction","description":"$18"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.999317.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.999317.1","date_assigned":"2026-09-10","version_date":"2026-06-16","archiver":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)","archiver_id":"191"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":30},"downloads":{"count":77}}}}]