Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
  • BCO-DMO Curation Notes
  • Problem Description
• Data Files
• Supplemental Files
• Related Datasets
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Project Information
• Funding

Sensors were deployed within the benthic reef system at the listed sites.

 Sea and Sun Technology  CTD 48Mc:

Calibrations were done on the fluorescence and conductivity sensors using reference materials prior to deployment.  The sensors were configured using log at 10 minute intervals with five 5 second burst samples.

Quality control processing was carried out in python.

QC Process for Sea and Sun Sensors:
Raw data: Data taken from each sensor as it was pulled out of the water.
QC-H: The raw data was analyzed by Hereon Institute, and quality flags were added. 
QC-1: Quality flags placed by Hereon Institute were removed, and burst samples were averaged to make singular points.
QC-2: QC-1 data points with a large standard error of the mean were flagged if they exceeded the determined threshold.  
QC-3: QC-2 data points were cross-referenced with the adjacent sensor in the milk-crate

Curation Actions Performed on Data

Main data table:
- Loaded SNS_QC_data.csv from source submission files, treating empty strings "" as missing values, with all fields cast as strings initially
- Renamed columns: Serial.Number to Serial_Number, Site Name to Site_Name, Timestamps.HST to ISO_DateTime_Local, Timestamps.UTC to ISO_DateTime_UTC, Salinity..PSU. to Salinity, Sal_STDEV to Salinity_stdev, Sal_STDERR to Salinity_stderr, MaxPerBurst.Salinity..PSU. to Salinity_max_per_burst, Temperature..Celcius. to Temperature, Temperature_STDEV to Temperature_stdev, Temperature_STDERR to Temperature_stderr, Pressure..decibar. to Pressure, Pressure_STDEV to Pressure_stdev, Pressure_STDERR to Pressure_stderr, Oxygen..mg.L. to Oxygen, Oxygen_STDEV to Oxygen_stdev, Oxygen_STDERR to Oxygen_stderr, OxygenSat.... to Oxygen_sat, OxygenSat_STDEV to Oxygen_sat_stdev, OxygenSat_STDERR to Oxygen_sat_stderr, Chlorophyll..FluCycl. to Chlorophyll, Chlorophyll_STDEV to Chlorophyll_stdev, Chlorophyll_STDERR to Chlorophyll_stderr
- Converted ISO_DateTime_Local from format %m/%d/%y %H:%M in HST timezone to ISO 8601 datetime string format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M%z, HST timezone indicated by -1000
- Converted ISO_DateTime_UTC from format %m/%d/%y %H:%M in UTC timezone to ISO 8601 datetime string format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ, UTC timezone indicated by Z
- Set column data types: numeric types for Chlorophyll, Chlorophyll_stderr, Chlorophyll_stdev, Latitude, Longitude, Oxygen, Oxygen_sat, Oxygen_sat_stderr, Oxygen_sat_stdev, Oxygen_stderr, Oxygen_stdev, Pressure, Pressure_stderr, Pressure_stdev, Salinity, Salinity_max_per_burst, Salinity_stderr, Salinity_stdev, Temperature, Temperature_stderr, Temperature_stdev; datetime type for ISO_DateTime_Local and ISO_DateTime_UTC; string type for Serial_Number and Site_Name
- Updated column metadata with finalized BCO-DMO standard name IDs, descriptions, and supplied units for all columns; flagged Latitude, Longitude, and ISO_DateTime_UTC as primary parameters
- Output final table as CSV file named 1001870_v1_lahaina-sea-and-sun.csv

Supplemental files:
* Supplemental site and deployment tables formatted from listed information provided in the original dataset submission metadata section "Location." Added as lahaina_site_list.csv and lahaina_sensor_deployment.csv. These tables list all sites and deployments of the related datasets in the study.

Curation Actions Performed on Metadata
* Standard metadata entry and formatting of provided metadata.
* First sentence of abstract modified to describe the sea and sun data (not minidot which is a related dataset).

Known Issues [Potentially Impacting Reuse]
- N/A

NSF Award Abstract:
Maui’s coral reefs support subsistence, recreational, and commercial fishing, particularly for the large Native Hawaiian population. In August 2023, hurricane winds and low humidity combined with the recent drought to cause an unprecedented fire in Lahaina, an urban coastal town on the island of Maui. The fire quickly burned over 2170 acres and 2200 structures, releasing ash, particulate matter and potentially toxic materials into the adjacent coastal waters. This project provides novel information on the ecological impacts of wildfires to coral reefs to aid in climate change adaptation and emergency response planning. Cultural perspectives and traditional knowledge of Native Hawaiian community members are incorporated throughout the research process. The project directly supports four students, including a Native Hawaiian student, to participate in activities including field work, data collection, analyses and interpretation, and communication of research results.

A wildfire in an urban city located adjacent to a coral reef is unprecedented but may become more common as expanding shoreline development intersects with potentially increased fire risk with climate change. The overall objective of this study is to examine the direct effects of urban wildfires and associated potential stressors - such as reduced water quality, acidification, hypoxia, and heavy metals - on coral reef ecosystem function and the potential for regime shifts favoring benthic algae instead of corals. Using the 2023 Lahaina wildfire as a case study, the project employs a “before-after control-impact” design to compare three west Maui reefs both affected and unaffected by wildfire, with special attention to the anticipated remobilization of organic matter, toxic compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and metals following rain events in autumn. Physical and chemical water parameters will constrain the reef-scale carbon cycle and coral metabolism before, during and after runoff events to document the ecological responses to urban fire impacts. This project will support three Early Career Researchers, contribute toward research training for multiple graduate and undergraduate students, and provide valuable information about contaminants and water quality to a community that relies heavily on coral reef resources.