| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Maas, Amy | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Principal Investigator |
| Copley, Nancy | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
version 2015-08-03 replaced version 2014-04-09. Several lat/lon positions were corrected.
| File |
|---|
TI729_eventlog.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 4.76 KB) MD5:2a08c70dcfa4ef0e578027cf9346ea78 Primary data file for dataset ID 506262 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| event | event or sampling operation number | |
| instrument | Instrument used to collect data, see: instrument list | |
| cast | cast number | |
| station | consecutive station number | |
| day_local | day of month, local time | |
| month_local | month of year, local time | |
| time_local | time of day, local time, using 2400 clock format | |
| se_flag | sampling operation start (s) or end (e) flag | |
| lat | latitude, negative = South | |
| lon | longitude, negative = West | |
| depth_w | depth of water | meters |
| depth | depth of sample | meters |
| comments | free text comments | |
| year | year | |
| timediff | The number of hours added to local time to convert to UTC. | hours |
| ISO_DateTime_UTC | Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted. This standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E). e.g. 2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time) | YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z |
| mon_utc | month of year, UTC | 1 to 12 |
| day_utc | day of month, UTC | 1 to 31 |
| time_utc | time, UTC | HHMM |
| sta_std | standard station number for this project. | unitless |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | CTD |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD - profiler |
| Dataset-specific Description | The R/V Tioga CTD rosette had a16 bottle rosette with 3-L Niskins, and a SBE3/SBR4 sensor set. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) unit is an integrated instrument package designed to measure the conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) of the water column. The instrument is lowered via cable through the water column. It permits scientists to observe the physical properties in real-time via a conducting cable, which is typically connected to a CTD to a deck unit and computer on a ship. The CTD is often configured with additional optional sensors including fluorometers, transmissometers and/or radiometers. It is often combined with a Rosette of water sampling bottles (e.g. Niskin, GO-FLO) for collecting discrete water samples during the cast.
This term applies to profiling CTDs. For fixed CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/869934. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | MOC.25 |
| Generic Instrument Name | MOCNESS.25 |
| Dataset-specific Description | The MOCNESS-1/4 was equipped with nine 150-um mesh nets (nets 0-8). The underwater unit used was #169; temperature probe was #535 and conductivity probe was #120. In addition to the standard temperature and conductivity probes the system also had a beta-type strobe-light unit for reducing avoidance of the nets by some zooplankton and possibly small fish. The strobe system has two units each with 12 LED sets (LUXEON Rebel LED) with peak output between 490-520 nm. The LEDs are powered by the MOCNESS battery and their pulse width, amplitude, flash rate period, and on/off are controlled by the MOCNESS software. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System or MOCNESS is a family of net systems based on the Tucker Trawl principle. The MOCNESS-1/4 carries nine 1/4-m2 nets usually of 64 micrometer mesh and is used to sample the larger micro-zooplankton. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Reeve Net |
| Generic Instrument Name | Reeve Net |
| Dataset-specific Description | A 1-m diameter Reeve net with a 150-um mesh net was deployed via the A-frame. The book-clamp to attach the net was borrowed from Carin Asjian’s lab. Ship speed during tows was ~1-1.5 knots. The depth and duratilon of deployment varied widely. We occasionally focused on very deep (90-130) or very shallow (40-20) layers based on acoustic evidence, but had our greatest success with a tow-yo pattern that focused on depth ranges between 40-90 m (See Cruise Report, Table 1 and Appendix 4 for details). http://bcodata.whoi.edu/GoME_Pteropods/cruise_reports/Tioga729_Cruise_Re... |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Reeve Net is a conventional ring net with a very large acrylic cylindrical cod-end (30 liters) designed to collect fragile gelatinous animals. The net is lowered to a particular depth and then hauled slowly back to the surface (5-10 m/min). Reeve (1981) also described a double net system with no bridle and flotation at the net mouth that is attached to a roller mechanism that rides on a tow wire.
The roller system is locked in place by a pressure release device. Once below a set pressure, the roller
and nets are released and they float slowly up the wire, gently collecting the zooplankton, without being
influenced by the motion of the vessel and associated vertical wire movements. (from Wiebe and Benfield, 2003) |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | pump |
| Generic Instrument Name | Pump |
| Dataset-specific Description | A "Little Giant" brand pump was used to retrieve water from depth for animal culture. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Tioga |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2014-01-29 |
| End Date | 2014-01-30 |
| Description | The central goal of this cruise was to document the abundance and vertical distribution of the pteropod species Limacina retroversa, to capture live individuals for experimentation, and to sample the carbonate chemistry profile of two sites in the Gulf of Maine. |
This project will involve a series of five short cruises in 2013 and 2014, during which a variety of hydrographic, chemical, and biological data and samples will be collected, as well as a number of laboratory experiments examining pteropod physiology and gene expression.
From NSF proposal abstract:
Dissolution of excess anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean is causing the marine environment to decrease in pH. This "ocean acidification" is predicted to threaten a broad variety of marine organisms, particularly calcifying animals such as the thecosome (i.e., shelled) pteropods. These pelagic gastropods form an aragonite shell, are prey for a number of commercially important fish, and are significant contributors to carbon biogeochemistry. Their ecosystem importance, abundance, and sensitivity to dissolution position them as an important group for investigating the impacts of acidification. Our understanding of the effect of high CO2 on pteropods and the pelagic ecosystem, however, is limited primarily to short-term studies of adult calcification and respiration response in the polar ecosystems. There have been no seasonal studies of sensitivity and our understanding of the effect of CO2 on pteropod early life stages is limited. Limacina retroversa is a particularly abundant thecosome pteropod in the North Atlantic, where it is prey for a number of fisheries species and other top predators. This species is also the most common pteropod in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) where it is present year round. L. retroversa thus offers the prospect of a useful model pteropod species, given both its ecological importance and its abundance in readily accessible waters. The investigators will conduct a series of short cruises to sample L. retroversa on a seasonal basis from local waters of the GoM near Cape Cod. The carbonate chemistry of the GoM fluctuates seasonally, providing the opportunity to assess the response of wild caught pteropods to natural changes in CO2. By characterizing the carbonate chemistry of the water column and measuring the metabolic rate, shell quality, and gene expression of pteropods throughout the year, the researchers will achieve a time series of pteropod sensitivity to CO2. Subsequently, using experimental manipulations the investigators will explore the effect of seasonal acclimation on pteropod response to short- and medium-term exposure to enhanced CO2. Pteropods frequently lay eggs in captivity, and at WHOI there is institutional expertise in maintaining these individuals in the laboratory. Building on these strengths, the researchers will also study the effect of CO2 on embryonic and larval development in L. retroversa. These earliest life-stages of marine calcifiers are thought to be especially sensitive since initial shell precipitation and the highly energetic processes of growth and development are impeded by CO2 exposure. They will also document mortality, shell production, abnormality, and developmental rate of clutches of pteropod embryos exposed to increased CO2.
Intellectual Merit: Thecosome pteropods are an abundant group of calcifying zooplankters that have been chronically understudied, particularly in temperate regions. Due to its accessibility and ecological importance, L. retroversa can be developed as a valuable model, interesting both as the dominant pteropod in the commercially-important GoM region and also an abundant pteropod in the temperate waters of the North Atlantic. The goal of this research is to augment our knowledge of the distribution of L. retroversa, to attain an understanding of their seasonal sensitivity to natural variability in CO2, and to see how this exposure impacts responses to both short- and medium-term CO2 exposure. Using powerful transcriptomic technologies, the research will transform our understanding of this group by investigating the molecular mechanisms of response in L. retroversa to both seasonality and varying durations and intensities of acidification, contextualized by ecosystem- and organism-level metrics. Furthermore the study will examine the effect of CO2 on the eggs of pteropods for the first time, providing insight into their sensitivity to an acidifying environment.
NSF Climate Research Investment (CRI) activities that were initiated in 2010 are now included under Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES). SEES is a portfolio of activities that highlights NSF's unique role in helping society address the challenge(s) of achieving sustainability. Detailed information about the SEES program is available from NSF (https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504707).
In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, the goal of the SEES: OA program is to understand (a) the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification; (b) how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level; and (c) how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.
Solicitations issued under this program:
NSF 10-530, FY 2010-FY2011
NSF 12-500, FY 2012
NSF 12-600, FY 2013
NSF 13-586, FY 2014
NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:
1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)
2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
NSF media releases for the Ocean Acidification Program:
Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels "Hang On" Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |