Dataset: delta 15N NO3

Data was acquired from an isotope ratio mass spectrometer using Isodat 3.0 software.

Nitrate Calculations: delta 15N NO3 and apparent delta 18O were calculated from uncorr_d45_44 and uncorr_d46_44 using equations outlined in the "Nitrate isotope corrections" supplementary file (PDF), followed by reference to IAEA N-3, US34, US32, and/or UBN-1 standards.

Refer to the following publication for more information:
Dabundo, R., Lehmann, M.F., Treibergs, L., Tobias, C.R., Altabet, M.A., Moisander, P.H., and Granger, J. 2014. The Contamination of Commercial 15N2 Gas Stocks with 15N–Labeled Nitrate and Ammonium and Consequences for Nitrogen Fixation Measurements. PLoS ONE, 9(10): e110335. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110335

Summary of methods from Dabundo et al. 2014:
Reagents:
Four lecture bottles of 98+ at% 15N-labeled N2 gas were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, three from lot # SZ1670V, and one from lot # MBBB0968V. Two 1L lecture bottles of 98+ at% 15N2 were purchased from Cambridge Isotopes from lot #’s I1-11785A and I-16727. One 1L lecture bottle of 98+ at% 15N2 was purchased from Campro Scientific from lot # EB1169V. Ammonium and nitrate solutions were prepared with salts or with solutions obtained from different distributors: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) from Fisher Scientific; analytical-grade potassium nitrate from Fluka Analytical and a gravimetric solution of ammonium chloride from SPEX CertiPrep.

Preparation of nitrate & ammonium solutions:
Aqueous solutions of natural abundance (unlabeled) ammonium and nitrate salts were equilibrated overnight with an air headspace supplemented with an injection of 15N2 gas (to determine whether the 15N2 gas stocks contained 15N-labeled ammonia (NH3) or nitrate and/or nitrite (NOx) contaminants). After equilibration, the 15N/14N ratio of ammonium and the 15N/14N and 18O/16O ratios of nitrate/nitrite in solution were measured, as well as the 15N/14N ratio of N2 gas in the headspace. The isotope ratios of nitrate and ammonium were compared to those in control solutions, which were not supplemented with 15N2 gas. Experiments with the Campro Scientific 15N2 stock were verified for 15N-nitrate/nitrite contaminants only (and not for 15N-ammonium).

Initial experiments consisted of 40 mL or 100 mL solutions of 10, 50, 100, 200, or 300 umol/L nitrate and 5 umol/L ammonium chloride in 60 mL or 120 mL serum vials that were sealed with stoppers. The 20 mL of air headspace in each of the treatment vials was supplemented with 0.1 mL of 15N2 gas from respective bottles from each of the three suppliers. The solutions were equilibrated overnight on a shaker, after which the 15N/14N and 18O/16O isotope ratios of nitrate were analyzed. The 15N/14N isotope ratio of ammonium was also analyzed in experimental solutions treated with the Sigma-Aldrich and Cambridge Isotopes stocks.

Additional experiments were carried out in which 2 mL 15N2 gas was equilibrated overnight in 20 mL serum vials containing 10 mL solutions of 10 umol/L sodium nitrate, after which the 15N/14N and 18O/16O ratios of nitrate were measured. Similarly, 10 mL solutions of 5 umol/L ammonium chloride were dispensed in 20 mL serum vials and equilibrated overnight with 2 mL 15N2 gas, after which the 15N/14N isotope ratios of ammonium were analyzed.

Nitrate and ammonium concentrations:
Nitrate concentrations in the experimental solutions were verified via reduction to nitric oxide in hot vanadium (III) solution followed by detection with a chemiluminescence NOx analyzer (model T200 Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation). Ammonium concentrations were measured by derivatization with orthophthaldialdehyde (OPA) and fluorometric detection on an AJN Scientific f-2500 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer.

Nitrate N and O isotope ratio analyses:
Nitrate/nitrite nitrogen (15N/14N) and oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratios were measured using the denitrifier method. Nitrate (and nitrite) in experimental samples was converted stoichiometrically to nitrous oxide (N2O) by a denitrifying bacterial strain (Pseudomonas chlororaphis f. sp. aureofaciens, ATCC 13985) that lacks nitrous oxide reductase. The N and O isotopic composition of N2O was then measured on a Delta V Advantage Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) interfaced with a modified Gas Bench II gas chromatograph (Thermo Fisher) purge and trap system. The isotope ratio measurements are reported in per mille (o/oo) units.

The 15N/14N reference is N2 in air, and the 18O/16O reference is Vienna Standard Mean Ocean water (V-SMOW). Individual analyses on the GC-IRMS were referenced to injections of N2O from a pure N2O gas cylinder, and then standardized through comparison to the international nitrate standards USGS-34, USGS-32, and IAEA-NO-3, using standard bracketing techniques. Nitrate samples from experiments with Campro Scientific 15N2 were standardized with USGS-32 and IAEA-NO-3, and an additional internal lab nitrate standard (UBN-1).