| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cordes, Erik E. | Temple University (Temple) | Principal Investigator, Contact |
| Ake, Hannah | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Dissolved O2 and potential density data derived from surface-deployed and vehicle-mounted CTD measurements taken on the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald Brown, and E/V Nautilus in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida from 2010 to 2014.
CTD data (temperature, salinity, pressure, and dissolved oxygen) were collected both as water column data from ship deployments and as bottom–water data from a vehicle–mounted CTD. In all years, a SBE 9/11+ CTD was used for water column measurements, while vehicle-mounted CTD usage varied by year: SBE 19 (2010), SBE 37-SI (2012), and SBE 49 (2013, 2014). All dissolved oxygen measurements were collected using a SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor.
CTD and dissolved oxygen measurements were vertically binned every meter in order to smooth water column profiles prior to additional analyses.
Data Management Office Notes:
-Combined several tabs from the original file into one table.
-Site, cruise, and year were separated into 3 columns. This information was initially in one column.
-Re-formatted column names to comply with BCO-DMO naming standards.
| File |
|---|
DO_potentialDensity.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 1.02 MB) MD5:6cb8ca7cc9c891f6a7cd7ddfa778fe74 Primary data file for dataset ID 659040 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| site | Site where samples were taken | unitless |
| cruise_name | Project investigator's cruise name | unitless |
| year | Year of cruise; YYYY | unitless |
| depth | Depth at which sample was taken | meters |
| temperature | Temperature at depth | celsius |
| salinity | Salinity of water sample | practical salinity units (PSU) |
| potential_density | Sigma-t density of seawater | kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m^3) |
| DO | Dissolved oxygen concentration | micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| cruise_id | Official cruise identification | unitless |
| lat | Latitude | decimal degrees |
| lon | Longitude | decimal degrees |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | CTD |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD - profiler |
| Dataset-specific Description | Water samples taken from CTD casts |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) unit is an integrated instrument package designed to measure the conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) of the water column. The instrument is lowered via cable through the water column. It permits scientists to observe the physical properties in real-time via a conducting cable, which is typically connected to a CTD to a deck unit and computer on a ship. The CTD is often configured with additional optional sensors including fluorometers, transmissometers and/or radiometers. It is often combined with a Rosette of water sampling bottles (e.g. Niskin, GO-FLO) for collecting discrete water samples during the cast.
This term applies to profiling CTDs. For fixed CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/869934. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor |
| Generic Instrument Name | Oxygen Sensor |
| Dataset-specific Description | All dissolved oxygen measurements collected using this instrument |
| Generic Instrument Description | An electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Vehicle mounted bottle |
| Generic Instrument Name | Bottle |
| Dataset-specific Description | Water samples collected by vehicle-mounted bottle |
| Generic Instrument Description | A container, typically made of glass or plastic and with a narrow neck, used for storing drinks or other liquids. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Atlantis |
| Start Date | 2014-04-27 |
| End Date | 2014-05-16 |
| Website | |
| Platform | NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown |
| Start Date | 2010-10-14 |
| End Date | 2010-11-04 |
| Website | |
| Platform | E/V Nautilus |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2013-06-21 |
| End Date | 2013-07-05 |
The Gulf of Mexico deep water ecosystems are threatened by the persistent threat of ocean acidification. Deep-water corals will be among the first to feel the effects of this process, in particular the deep-water scleractinians that form their skeleton from aragonite. The continued shoaling of the aragonite saturation horizon (the depth below which aragonite is undersaturated) will place many of the known, and as yet undiscovered, deep-water corals at risk in the very near future. The most common deep-water framework-forming scleractinian in the world's oceans is Lophelia pertusa. This coral is most abundant in the North Atlantic, where aragonite saturation states are relatively high, but it also creates extensive reef structures between 300 and 600 m depth in the Gulf of Mexico where aragonite saturation states were previously unknown. Preliminary data indicate that pH at this depth range is between 7.85 and 8.03, and the aragonite saturation state is typically between 1.28 and 1.69. These are the first measurements of aragonite saturation state for the deep Gulf of Mexico, and are among the lowest Aragonite saturation state yet recorded for framework-forming corals in any body of water, at any depth.
This project will examine the effects of ocean acidification on L. pertusa, combining laboratory experiments, rigorous oceanographic measurements, the latest genome and transcriptome sequencing platforms, and quantitative PCR and enzyme assays to examine changes in coral gene expression and enzyme activity related to differences in carbonate chemistry. Short-term and long-term laboratory experiments will be performed at Aragonite saturation state of 1.45 and 0.75 and the organismal (e.g., survivorship and calcification rate) and genetic (e.g., transcript abundance) responses of the coral will be monitored. Genomic DNA and RNA will be extracted, total mRNA purified, and comprehensive and quantitative profiles of the transcriptome generated using a combination of 454 and Illumina sequencing technologies. Key genes in the calcification pathways as well as other differentially expressed genes will be targeted for specific qPCR assays to verify the Illumina sequencing results. On a research cruise, L. pertusa will be sampled (preserved at depth) along a natural gradient in carbonate chemistry, and included in the Illumina sequencing and qPCR assays. Water samples will be obtained by submersible-deployed niskin bottles adjacent to the coral collections as well as CTD casts of the water column overlying the sites. Water samples will be analyzed for pH, alkalinity, nitrates and soluble reactive phosphorus. These will be used in combination with historical data in a model to hindcast Aragonite saturation state.
This project will provide new physiological and genetic data on an ecologically-significant and anthropogenically-threatened deepwater coral in the Gulf of Mexico. An experimental system, already developed by the PIs, offers controlled conditions to test the effect of Aragonite saturation state on calcification rates in scleractinians and, subsequently, to identify candidate genes and pathways involved in the response to reduced pH and Aragonite saturation state. Both long-term and population sampling experiments will provide additional transcriptomic data and specifically investigate the expression of the candidate genes. These results will contribute to our understanding of the means by which scleractinians may acclimate and acclimatize to low pH, alkalinity, and Aragonite saturation state. Furthermore, the investigators will continue a time series of oceanographic measurements of the carbonate system in the Gulf of Mexico, which will allow the inclusion of this significant body of water in models of past and future ocean acidification scenarios.
NSF Climate Research Investment (CRI) activities that were initiated in 2010 are now included under Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES). SEES is a portfolio of activities that highlights NSF's unique role in helping society address the challenge(s) of achieving sustainability. Detailed information about the SEES program is available from NSF (https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504707).
In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, the goal of the SEES: OA program is to understand (a) the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification; (b) how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level; and (c) how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.
Solicitations issued under this program:
NSF 10-530, FY 2010-FY2011
NSF 12-500, FY 2012
NSF 12-600, FY 2013
NSF 13-586, FY 2014
NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:
1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)
2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
NSF media releases for the Ocean Acidification Program:
Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels "Hang On" Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |