Dataset: BATS discrete bottle data
Deployment: BATS_cruises

BATS discrete bottle data for years Dec 1988 to June 2023

View Data: For data, See Dataset Metadata Page: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3782

Principal Investigator:

Nicholas Bates (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Rodney J. Johnson (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Michael W. Lomas (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Scientist:

Paul J. Lethaby (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

Dominic Smith (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, BIOS)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Dana Stuart Gerlach (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS)

Current State:

Final with updates expected

Version:

Deployment Synonyms:

Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study cruises

Version Date:

2019-05-29

Expand/Collapse All

Description

Discrete bottle data collected during BATS cruises #1 (October 1988) through BATS cruise #405 (June 2023).

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Water samples were collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site located 80 km southeast of Bermuda (31°40N, 64°10W) in the Sargasso Sea. Measurements were collected monthly and often biweekly during the core monthly BATS cruises and the BATS bloom cruises (Feb to April) following the methods of Knap et al. (1997).

All bottle fires are included in this dataset, even those that do not have any BATS core parameters, to be of use with other measurements and studies.

Niskin bottles were deployed and accompanying CTD measurements were taken at the depths of water sample collection. Sample parameters include salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, nutrients (nitrate + nitrite, nitrite, phosphate, silicate), particulate organics (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous), particulate silicate, total organic carbon and total nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorous, bacterial enumeration, and flow cytometry counts of picoplankton. The HPLC derived phytoplankton pigment data which are collected synoptically with many of the above parameters are reported separately (see https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/893521)

Ship information

R/V Weatherbird I (cruises 1,2,8,9,10,11,12 and 13)
R/V Weatherbird I (cruises 1,2,8,9,10,11,12 and 13)
R/V Cape Henlopen (cruises 3,4,5,6 and 7)
R/V Cape Hatteras (cruises 33,52,52a,53,53a,54,54a,55,55a and 56,195,196,196a 208,208a,209)
R/V Weatherbird II (all other cruises through 207)
R/V Atlantic Explorer (cruises 210 through 241, and 243 onwards)
R/V Oceanus (cruise 242)
R/V Endeavor (cruise 331)

Numerous chief scientists: Tony Knap, Rachel Dow, Anthony Michaels, Kjell Gundersen, Rodney Johnson, Ann Close, Deborah Steinberg, Paul Lethaby, Julian Mitchell, Vivienne Lochhead, Deborah Lomas, Steven Bell, Jonathan Whitefield, Gwyn Evans, James Sadler, Samuel Monk, Samuel Stevens, Afonso Goncalves, Matt Enright, Fernando Pacheco, Zac Anderson, Claire Medley, and Dominic Smith.

Please see the Supplemental Files section for a listing of the cruises and associated measurements specific to this version of the BATS bottle data (bats_bottle_release_v005_update.txt)

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

Chapter 3 of the BATS methods manual has details about the steps taken to process and correct the data from the oceanographic sensors. Briefly, temperatures (when the bottles were fired) are extracted from the SeaBird Electronics (SBE) .asc files. Bottle data for each cast is then corrected using static drift/slope corrections based on SBE calibrations.

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-0752366	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
OCE-1756105	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

CTD Sea-Bird 911

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CTD Sea-Bird 911

Acronym: CTD SBE 911

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/

Generic Description:

The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics.

Niskin bottle

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Bact_enum	Bacteria enumeration	cells times 10^8 per kilogram (cells*10^8/kg)	bact_abund
Bottle_num	Niskin or GoFlo bottle number	unitless	bottle
Cast_num	Cast number where 1-80 = CTD casts and 81-99 are hydrocasts	unitless	cast
Pro	Prochlorococcus abundance	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	coccus_p
Syn	Synechococcus abundance	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	coccus_s
Cruise_num	Cruise number	unitless	cruise_id
Cruise_type	Cruise type where 1=BATS core; 2=BATS Bloom a; 3=BATS Bloom b	unitless	cruise_type
yyyymmdd	Date in Year Month Day format	unitless	date
Depth	Depth of sampling	meters (m)	depth
CO2	Dissolved inorganic carbon	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	DIC
ISO_DateTime_UTC	Date and Time in ISO8601 standard format	unitless	ISO_DateTime_UTC
Latitude	Latitude	decimal degrees	lat
SRP	Low-level phosphorus	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	LLP
Longitude	Longitude (West is negative)	decimal degrees	lon
TN	Total nitrogen (Note: Prior to BATS cruise 121, DON is reported instead of TON)	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	N
NO2	Nitrite	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	NO2
NO3_plus_NO2	Nitrate + Nitrite	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	NO3_NO2
O2	Oxygen-1 measurement	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	O2
Oxy_Anom1	Oxygen anomaly	micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)	O2_anomaly
Naneu	Nanoeukaryote abundance	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	phyto_e_n
Piceu	Picoeukaryote abundance	cells per milliliter (cells/mL)	pico_euks
PO4	Phosphate	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	PO4
POC	Particulate organic carbon	micrograms per kilogram (ug/kg)	POC
PON	Particulate organic nitrogen	micrograms per kilogram (ug/kg)	PON
POP	Particulate organic phosphorus	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	POP
QF_bottle	Niskin or GoFlo bottle quality flag (-3=suspect; 1=unverified; 2=verified/acceptable	unitless	q_flag
Sal1	Salinity-1 measurement on PSS-78 scale	dimensionless	sal_bot
CTD_Sal	CTD Salinity on PSS-78 scale	dimensionless	sal_ctd
Bottle_ID	Unique bottle ID which identifies cruise type, cruise, cast, and bottle number	unitless	sample
Sigma_theta	Sigma-theta measurement	kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3)	sigma_0
Si	Silicate	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	Silicate
Bio_Si	Particulate biogenic silica	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	Si_bio
Litho_Si	Particulate lithogenic silica	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	Si_lith
Alk	Alkalinity	microequivalents	TALK
TDP	Total dissolved phosphorus	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	TDP
Temp	Temperature in ITS-90 standard	degrees Celsius	temp
Ox_Fix_Temp	Oxygen fixation temperature	degrees Celsius	temp_O2_fix
time	Time in Hour Minute format (hhmm)	unitless	time
TOC	Total organic carbon	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	TOC
decy	Decimal year	dimensionless	year_decimal

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: BATS discrete bottle data
Deployment: BATS_cruises

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: BATS discrete bottle dataDeployment: BATS_cruises

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: BATS discrete bottle data
Deployment: BATS_cruises