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Larval collection and settlement<\/strong> Experimental conditions\u00a0<\/strong> The chemical conditions for all treatments in each experiment are summarized in the manuscript. Salinity was determined with an Autosal salinometer. Discrete water samples for analysis of salinity, alkalinity (Alk), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were collected weekly; the Alk\/DIC samples were poisoned immediately after collection. Alkalinity and DIC were measured using a closed cell titration (inorganic carbon and alkalinity analyser) with non-linear curve fitting on ~100 mL samples, standardized using certified reference materials obtained from Dr. A Dickson (SIO). The pH (NBS) of the aquaria during all experiments was checked twice weekly using an Orion 3-star pH meter and calibrated electrode; the precision of replicate pH measurements was +\/- 0.015 units. The measured seawater temperature, salinity, alkalinity, and DIC concentrations were used to calculate other carbonate system parameters ([HCO3-], [CO32-] and Omega), using a spreadsheet version of the CO2SYS program of Lewis and Wallace (1998), with the dissociation constants of Roy et al. (1993) and the aragonite solubility of Mucci (1983). The precision of the titrations was \u00b1 0.2 % for both alkalinity and DIC in ambient seawater, but only \u00b1 0.6 % and \u00b1 1.7 %, respectively, in the most strongly acidified treatment. This resulted in an analytical uncertainty in calculated saturation state of roughly \u00b1 0.5 % at ambient conditions and \u00b1 16 % in the lowest Omega treatment.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/hasBriefDescription":[{"@value":"Calcification by primary coral polyps under high bicarbonate and low pH","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description":[{"@value":" Data used in the published manuscript: \u2018The impact of seawater saturation state and bicarbonate ion concentration on calcification by new recruits of two Atlantic corals\u2019. Carbonate chemistry and coral skeletal weights from two aquaria based OA experiments at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences: in 2007 acid was used to decrease the pH and in 2008 pCO2 bubbling was used. Comparison of the results determined the relative importance of [HCO3-] versus [CO32-] for early calcification by the coral species Favia fragum and Porites astreoides. Data analysis was performed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.<\/p>\n These data have also been deposited to PANGAEA where additional carbonate system variables were calculated as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010; doi: 10.5194\/essd-2-167-2010<\/a>). See: http:\/\/doi.pangaea.de\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.770070<\/a><\/p>\n Related References:<\/strong><\/p>\n de Putron, S. J., D. C. McCorkle, A. L. Cohen, A. B. Dillon.(2011) The impact of seawater saturation state and bicarbonate ion concentration on calcification by new recruits of two Atlantic corals. Coral Reefs,\u00a030:321-328. DOI: 10.1007\/s00338-010-0697-z<\/p>\n Drenkard, E., Cohen, A.L., McCorkle D.C., de Putron S.J., Zicht, A., Starczak, V. (3013) The Impact of Heterotrophic Feeding on the Coral Calcification Response, Coral Reefs.\u00a010.1007\/s00338-013-1021-5<\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/01\/rdf-schema#label":[{"@value":"juvenile coral calcification","@type":"xsd:string"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier":[{"@value":"491463","@type":"xsd:int"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title":[{"@value":"juvenile coral calcification"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date":[{"@value":"2014-02-17T16:39:27-05:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/created":[{"@value":"2014-02-17T16:39:27-05:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/modified":[{"@value":"2023-07-07T16:10:26-04:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/rdfs.org\/ns\/void#inDataset":[{"@id":"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/namedGraph":[{"@value":"urn:bcodmo:dataset:491463","@type":"xsd:token"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/osprey_page":[{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/491463"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/identifier":[{"@value":"_:Identifier491463"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/datasetTitle":[{"@value":"Experimental results: calcification by primary coral polyps under high bicarbonate and low pH from 2007-2008 (OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification project)","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/abstract":[{"@value":"","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights":[{"@id":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/deprecated":[{"@value":"false","@type":"xsd:boolean"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/bibliographicCitation":[{"@value":"Cohen, A. 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\nMature colonies of the brooding corals F. fragum and P. astreoides were collected from inshore patch reefs in Bermuda just prior to their predicted time of larval release in July 2007 (F. fragum), August 2007 (P. astreoides), and July 2008 (both species). Colonies were maintained at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) in outdoor flow-through seawater aquaria under near-ambient temperature and light conditions, and were held in either jars or mesh bags of aerated seawater during the nights of release to isolate the larvae. Zooxanthellate larvae were collected daily as they were released by the adults, and were settled on preconditioned tiles in small (0.5 L) plastic containers of seawater at the saturation state of each experimental aquarium (see below). Preconditioning of tiles was achieved by leaving racks of tiles on nearby reefs for 4-6 weeks, allowing them to obtain the biofilms and algae needed to induce larval settlement. After a settlement period of 24-48 h, the tiles containing metamorphosed primary polyps were transferred to the experimental aquaria. The polyps were grown for two weeks, after which the polyp tissue was removed by bleaching to reveal the underlying corallite. The skeleton of each polyp was removed from the tile and individually weighed using a micro balance. Since all skeletal carbonate retrieved from the experiments was formed under the experimental conditions, total corallite weight provides a direct measure of the amount of calcification (CaCO3 production) achieved by each polyp under the different experimental conditions. For statistical analysis, corallite weight data were square root transformed to meet assumptions and were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Multiple Comparison of Means TK, GT2, T\u2019 tests (BIOMstat33).<\/p>\n
\nStatic, 30 L, glass-lidded aquaria containing reef seawater were pre-adjusted to a range of seawater saturation states (Table 1). In 2007, the aquarium seawater alkalinity was decreased by small additions of HCl and bubbled with lab air. The seawater pCO2, calculated from alkalinity and DIC, was approximately 450 ppmv. In 2008, the aquarium seawater pCO2 and DIC levels were set by bubbling with air from a compressor room separate from the lab, and with air+CO2 mixtures produced with pairs of mass flow controllers. The composition of the bubbling gas mixtures in 2008 was monitored daily using a Qubit infra-red CO2 analyzer and mean ppmv \u00b1 SD were: 394 \u00b1 9 (ambient air; control), 753 \u00b1 12 (mid CO2), and 2327 \u00b1 23 (high CO2). The seawater temperature in all aquaria in each experiment was monitored using Hobo temperature loggers (Onset Corp.) Average seawater temperatures for the two week period were: 25 \u00b0C \u00b1 0.5 (mean \u00b1 SD) for 2007 F. fragum; 28.5 \u00b1 0.2 for 2007 P. astreoides; and 29.4 \u00b1 1.3 for both species in 2008. The polyps were not fed during the two week experiments (apart from particulate matter initially present in the aquaria), and were kept on a 12\/12 hr light-dark cycle with the maximum light levels achievable with the aquarium lights: mean (\u00b1 SD) of 61 \u00b1 6 \u00b5mol m-2 s-1.\u00a0<\/p>\n