Dataset: Water Column

Name: Water column data collected during Dataflow cruises in the lower York River Estuary, VA during and following two successive harmful algal blooms
Published: 2021-06-22
Keywords: oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.854194.1

Spatial Extent: N:37.28 E:-76.39 S:37.22 W:-76.53

Temporal Extent: 2020-08-11 - 2020-09-16

Project:

Alteration of carbon fluxes by intense phytoplankton blooms in a microtidal estuary (LYRE)

Principal Investigator:

Iris C. Anderson (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, VIMS)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Mark J. Brush (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, VIMS)

Kimberly Reece (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, VIMS)

Bongkeun Song (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, VIMS)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2021-06-22

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Water column data collected during Dataflow cruises in the lower York River Estuary, VA during and following two successive harmful algal blooms

Abstract:

This dataset includes grab sample and continuous data collected during Dataflow cruises in the lower York River Estuary, VA during and following two successive harmful algal blooms in 2020.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier	Date Assigned
2021-06-22	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.854194.1	2021-08-30

Methods & Sampling

High-resolution sampling via Dataflow was performed along the lower York River estuary during a Margalefidinium polykrikoides bloom in early August, an Alexandrium monilatum bloom in early September, and following disappearance of the bloom in mid-September for determinations of pCO2, salinity, temperature, pH, Chla, CDOM, turbidity, DO, and location (lat/long). Cruises were on 24ft Carolina skiffs. Concurrent with the DataFlow sampling, grab sampling was performed at 5 stations within bloom patches (as determined by levels of chlorophyll a), and at 5 stations outside of bloom patches for determinations of DIC, DOC, active Chla (extractable), nutrients (DIN, DON, DIP, DOC), TSS, and CDOM. Locations listed in the dataset were those recorded when grab samples were taken. Data shown are averages and standard errors per station.

High-resolution sampling was performed with a Dataflow system modified from Madden and Day (1992) and as described in Crosswell et al, (2017). The pCO2-DataFlow system is instrumented with a pCO2 analyzer, a multi-parameter datasonde (YSI 6600V2), Wet Labs CDOM sensor, Garmin global positioning system (GPS MAP 546S), and data acquisition system. The system continuously samples surface water (approximately every 30 m at an average speed of 20 knots) from a stern-mounted water intake located 0.5 m below the water surface with a pump, which delivers water in parallel to (1) a showerhead equilibrator and (2) a flow-through cell attached to the YSI which is configured to measure water temperature, salinity, chl-a fluorescence, DO, pH, and turbidity. pCO2 in the equilibration chamber is determined by recirculating a carrier gas at a flow of approximately 1.5 L min-1 through the equilibrator chamber and a nondispersive infrared absorbance detection analyzer (LI-COR, LI-840).

Instruments:
Laboratory analyzed CDOM and chl-a were used to calibrate in situ CDOM and chl-a measurements made during the DataFlow surveys, as described by Anderson et al. (2013). Water column analyses (NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4) were performed with a Lachat QuikChem 8000 automated ion analyzer (Lachat Instruments,Milwaukee, WI, USA); detection limits for NO3−,NH4+, and PO43− are 0.20, 0.36, and 0.16 μM, respectively. DIC was analyzed on an Apollo, model AS-C3 (Apollo SciTech, Newark DE); DOC on a Shimadzu TOC-VCSN combustion analyzer, and extracted chla on a Beckman Coulter DU800 Spectrophotometer.

Known problems/issues:
Missing pCO2 data for August 11 cruise because of instrument failure.

Data Processing Description

BCO-DMO Processing:
- changed date format to YYYY-MM-DD;
- renamed fields.

Data Files

File
water_column_2020.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 4.36 KB) MD5:2faa43d2843644322a254784d48be678 Primary data file for dataset ID 854194

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-1737258

Deployments

None available yet

Instruments

Apollo SciTech AS-C3 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer

Supplied Name: Apollo model AS-C3

Supplied Description:

DIC was analyzed on an Apollo, model AS-C3 (Apollo SciTech, Newark DE)

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Apollo SciTech AS-C3 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer

Acronym: Apollo SciTech AS-C3

Generic Description:

A Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer, for use in aquatic carbon dioxide parameter analysis of coastal waters, sediment pore-waters, and time-series incubation samples. The analyzer consists of a solid state infrared CO2 detector, a mass-flow controller, and a digital pump for transferring accurate amounts of reagent and sample. The analyzer uses an electronic cooling system to keep the reactor temperature below 3 degrees Celsius, and a Nafion dry tube to reduce the water vapour and keep the analyzer drift-free and maintenance-free for longer. The analyzer can handle sample volumes from 0.1 - 1.5 milliliters, however the best results are obtained from sample volumes between 0.5 - 1 milliliters. It takes approximately 3 minutes per analysis, and measurement precision is plus or minus 2 micromoles per kilogram or higher for surface seawater. It is designed for both land based and shipboard laboratory use.

Flow Injection Analyzer

Supplied Name: Lachat QuikChem 8000

Supplied Description:

Water column analyses (NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4) were performed with a Lachat QuikChem 8000 automated ion analyzer (Lachat Instruments, Milwaukee, WI, USA).

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Flow Injection Analyzer

Acronym: FIA

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB36/

Generic Description:

An instrument that performs flow injection analysis. Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an approach to chemical analysis that is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream. FIA is an automated method in which a sample is injected into a continuous flow of a carrier solution that mixes with other continuously flowing solutions before reaching a detector. Precision is dramatically increased when FIA is used instead of manual injections and as a result very specific FIA systems have been developed for a wide array of analytical techniques.

Fluorometer

Supplied Name: Wet Labs CDOM sensor

Supplied Description:

The pCO2-DataFlow system is instrumented with a pCO2 analyzer, a multi-parameter datasonde (YSI 6600V2), Wet Labs CDOM sensor, Garmin global positioning system (GPS MAP 546S), and data acquisition system.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Fluorometer

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/

Generic Description:

A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.

Global Positioning System Receiver

Supplied Name: Garmin GPS MAP 546S

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Global Positioning System Receiver

Acronym: GPS

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/POS03/

Generic Description:

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S. space-based radionavigation system that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis. The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments of the NAVSTAR GPS transmitter system. Ships use a variety of receivers (e.g. Trimble and Ashtech) to interpret the GPS signal and determine accurate latitude and longitude.

LI-COR LI-840 NDIR Gas Analyzer

Supplied Name: LI-COR, LI-840

Supplied Description:

pCO2 in the equilibration chamber is determined by recirculating a carrier gas at a flow of approximately 1.5 L min-1 through the equilibrator chamber and a nondispersive infrared absorbance detection analyzer (LI-COR, LI-840).

Instrument Type

Generic Name: LI-COR LI-840 NDIR Gas Analyzer

Acronym: LI-COR LI-840

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/382/

Generic Description:

The LI-COR LI-840 is specifically designed for continuous monitoring of CO2 and H2O over a wide range of environmental conditions. The LI-840 is an absolute, non-dispersive, infrared (NDIR) gas analyzer based on a single, interchangeable optical path, and a dual wavelength infrared detection system.

pCO2 Sensor

Supplied Name: pCO2 analyzer

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: pCO2 Sensor

Generic Description:

A sensor that measures the partial pressure of CO2 in water (pCO2)

Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer

Supplied Name: Shimadzu TOC-VCSN

Supplied Description:

DOC was analyzed on a Shimadzu TOC-VCSN combustion analyzer.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer

Acronym: Shimadzu TOC-V

Community Identifier: http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/124

Generic Description:

A Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.

Spectrophotometer

Supplied Name: Beckman Coulter DU800 Spectrophotometer

Supplied Description:

Extracted chla was analyzed on a Beckman Coulter DU800 Spectrophotometer.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Spectrophotometer

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/

Generic Description:

An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples.

YSI Sonde 6-Series

Supplied Name: YSI 6600V2

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: YSI Sonde 6-Series

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0737/

Generic Description:

YSI 6-Series water quality sondes and sensors are instruments for environmental monitoring and long-term deployments. YSI datasondes accept multiple water quality sensors (i.e., they are multiparameter sondes). Sondes can measure temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, depth, turbidity, and other water quality parameters. The 6-Series includes several models. More from YSI.

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Date	date when the survey took place; format: YYYY-MM-DD Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
Station	sampling location from mouth up estuary; "In" represents within bloom patch; "Out" represents outside of bloom patch.	unitless	station
Lat	latitude of sample location	decimal degrees North	lat
Lon	longitude of sample location	decimal degrees East	lon
pCO2	partial pressure of CO2 in water	microatmospheres	pCO2
pCO2_SE	standard error of pCO2	microatmospheres	pCO2
pH	pH	unitless	pH
pH_SE	standard error of pH	unitless	pH
Chla	in situ chlorophyll a	micrograms per liter	chl_a
Chla_SE	standard error of Chla	micrograms per liter	chl_a
DO	dissolved oxygen	milligrams per liter (mg/L)	O2
DO_SE	standard error of DO	milligrams per liter (mg/L)	O2
DIC	dissolved inorganic carbon	milligrams per liter (mg/L)	DIC
DIC_SE	standard error of DIC	milligrams per liter (mg/L)	DIC
DOC	dissolved organic carbon	micromolar	DOC
DOC_SE	standard error of DOC	micromolar	DOC
TDN	total dissolved nitrogen	micromolar	TDN
TDN_SE	standard error of TDN	micromolar	TDN
NO3	nitrate	micromolar	NO3
NO3_SE	standard error of NO3	micromolar	NO3
NO2	nitrite	micromolar	NO2
NO2_SE	standard error of NO2	micromolar	NO2
NH4	ammonium	micromolar	NH4
NH4_SE	standard error of NH4	micromolar	NH4
DIP	dissolved inorganic phosphate	micromolar	DIP
DIP_SE	standard error of DIP	micromolar	DIP

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Dataset: Water Column