Dataset: Observations from two gliders deployed in the southern Ross Sea from November 2022 through January 2023

Gliders were deployed from the fast ice near Cape Crozier (Ross Island) on 29 November and 4 December, 2022. Recovery of gliders were from the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer Cruise NBP23-02 on January 18, 2023

Two profiling ocean gliders (Seagliders SG613 and SG676) were deployed from the fast ice adjacent to the Ross ice shelf near Cape Crozier. SG613 and SG676 collected 774 and 688 profiles, respectively, where each profile (taking typically 1.5 hours) is either an ascent or descent, with its mean time assigned. Temperature, salinity (Seabird CT sail), dissolved oxygen (Aanderaa 4330 optode), Chl‐a fluorescence (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass), and optical backscatter (OBS) at 470 and 700 nanometers (nm) (Seabird Scientific Wetlabs Triplet ECOpuck) were measured. SG613 also carried a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor. Glider sensors were factory‐calibrated before the deployment. Data were processed using the UEA Seaglider Toolbox (https://bitbucket.org/bastienqueste/uea-seaglider-toolbox/src/toolbox/, Queste et al. (2014)), optimizing the hydrodynamic flight model (Frajka‐Williams et al., 2011) and correcting conductivity for thermal hysteresis (Garau et al., 2011). The accuracy of glider fluorescence was ensured via cross‐calibration of fluorescence measurements from both gliders and the CTD rosette at the recovery stations. Discrete chlorophyll samples were collected via the CTD rosette on glass fiber filters upon glider recovery and analyzed fluorometrically (Knap et al., 1996) aboard the Palmer. Glider fluorescence was converted to Chl‐a via a linear regression. Discrete
particulate organic carbon (POC) samples were likewise collected from the recovery CTD cast, filtered through combusted glass fiber filters and analyzed in the laboratory by pyrolysis (Gardner et al., 2000).