Project: Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment

Acronym/Short Name:

SOIREE

Start Date:

1999-01

End Date:

1999-03

Geolocation:

Southern Ocean

Programs:

Iron Synthesis [FeSynth]

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Description

Project in the Southern Ocean aimed at maintaining a coherent patch of iron-enriched seawater for the duration of project and to interpret any iron-mediated effects on the patch by conducting measurements and performing experiments during this period of the project.

The Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment (SOIREE), was the first in situ iron fertilization experiment performed in the polar waters of the Southern Ocean. SOIREE was an interdisciplinary study involving participants from six countries, and took place in February 1999 south of the Polar Front in the Australasian-Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.

Approximately 3800 kg of acidified FeSO4.7H2O and 165 g of the tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) were added to a 65-m deep surface mixed layer over an area of ~50 km2. Initially, mean dissolved iron concentrations were ~2.7 nM, but decreased to ambient levels within days, requiring subsequent additions of 1550-1750 kg of acidified FeSO4.7H2O on days 3, 5 and 7 of the experiment.

During the 13-day site occupation, there were iron-mediated increases in phytoplankton growth rates, with marked increases in chlorophyll a (up to 2 µgl-1) and production rates (up to 1.3 gCm-2d-1). These resulted in subsequent changes in the pelagic ecosystem structure, and in the cycling of carbon, silica and sulphur, such as a 10% drawdown of surface CO2.

The SOIREE bloom persisted for >40 days following our departure from the site, as observed via SeaWiFS remotely sensed observations of Ocean Colour.

BCO-DMO Note:
All original data and metadata provided on a CD-Rom accompanying the Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) volume. The CD-Rom contains the main SOIREE datasets and ancillary information including the pre-experiment 'desktop' database study for site-selection, and satellite images of the SOIREE bloom.
© 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

More Information

Funding

Funding Source	Award Number
The European Community - CARUSO	CARUSO ENV4-CT97-0472
New Zealand National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research	CASIX NER/F14/G6/115
The European Community - ORFOIS	ORFOIS EVK-CT-2001-00100
United Kingdom Natural Environmental Research Council	SOIREE NER/GR/A1431
New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology	unknown SOIREE FRST

Dataset Collections

Dataset Short Name	Full Dataset Title
ADCP	Shipboard ADCP data from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
AREAL Summary	Summary of Areal (mixed layer integrated) data from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Chl - Concentrations	Chlorophyll concentrations at sample depths from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Chl - Summary	Measured Chlorophyll a and Phaeopigment concentrations from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Chla - HPLCvsFluo	HPLC and Fluorescence chlorophyll a from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Cloud Cond Nuclei	Cloud condensation nuclei concentration from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
co2 - Atmospheric	Atmospheric CO2 Data from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
co2 - Surface	Surface water CO2 concentrations from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Cruise Report	Preliminary voyage report from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Cruise Track	Cruise track from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Cruise Track - Drift	Lagrangian corrected cruise track with drifts from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
CTD - Bottle Trip	Hourly means for DMS flux, transfer velocity, and associated variables from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruise RB-08-02 in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean near South Georgia Island in 2008 (SO_GasEx project)
CTD - Mixed Layer	Mixed layer depths from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
CTD - Profiles	CTD profiles from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
CTD - Summary	Summary of CTD profiles from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
DAS	Uncalibrated data from the ship's Data Acquisition System (DAS) from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
DIC - CTD	Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) concentrations from CTD from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
DIC - TAP	Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations from the online water supply (Tap) from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Fe - Surface	Surface Fe values from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Fe - Vertical	Vertical Fe GoFlo measurements from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Fluor - Underway	Underway fluorescence, Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRF) (Fv/Fm), and surface PAR from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
HPLC Summary - All	Concentration of photosynthetic pigments determined by HPLC from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Inventory	Cruise data inventory from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Light - Beam vs LA	Beam attenuation, and CTD light attenuation from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Light - levels	Surface light levels from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Light - summary	Daily light levels, attenuation coefficients and critical depths from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Microbiology	Bacteria, Microzooplankton/Phytoplankton enumeration, production, grazing and growth from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Modeling - Act in	Model results: biogenic element flux activity inside fertilized patch (Act.in) from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Modeling - Act out	Model results: biogenic element flux activity outside fertilized patch (Act.out) from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean from 1999-1999 (SOIREE project)
Modeling - BudgetC	Model results: integrated carbon budget from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Modeling - Forcing	Model input: hydro-meteorological forcing from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Modeling - pCO2	Model results: daily avg surface pCO2 from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Modeling - Var in	Model state variables inside of fertilized patch (Var.in) from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Modeling - Var out	Model state variables outside of fertilized patch (Var.out) from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
SeaWIFS Images	SeaWiFS images of the SOIREE bloom from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - 13C DIC	13C Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) values from Sediment Traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - 13Corg Isotopes	Stable C Isotopes(12C and 13C) from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - 234-Thorium Flux	234-Thorium Flux from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Bulk Pumped Particles	Bulk pumped particles from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Deployments	Sediment trap deployment summary from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Dissolved Th	Dissolved Thorium isotopes from sediment trap slurper particles from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Particle Size	Particle size summary of >10 um fraction from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Phyto SRs_TA	Summary of Chlorophyll sinking rates (PhytoSRsTA) from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Phyto SRs_TS	Summary of Chlorophyll sinking rates (PhytoSRsTS) from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Phytopigment Flux	Phytopigment flux from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Phytoplankton	Phytoplankton counts in trap samples from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - POC PON Water Column	Water column Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and Particulate Organic Nitrogen (PON) results from Sediment Traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - PSi Water Column	Water column biogenic silica (Psi) values from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Silica Dissolution Estimates	Silica dissolution estimates from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Size-Frac Th POC PON 13Corg	Size-fractionated Th, POC/PON, and 13Corg isotope results from Sediment Traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Total Mass Flux	Total mass flux from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Total PN Flux	Total Particulate Nitrogen (PN) flux from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Total POC Flux	Total Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) flux from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SedimentTraps - Total PSi Flux	Total biogenic silica (Psi) flux from sediment traps from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SF6 - CTD Surface SF6	Surface Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) values at start and finish of CTD casts from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SF6 - ctdin	Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations from CTD in casts from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SF6 - ctdout	Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations from CTD out casts from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SF6 - Underway	Underway surface sulphur sexafluoride (SF6) concentrations from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SF6 - uw_corr	Underway surface Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations (corrected) from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
SIS - Summary	Simulated in situ (SIS) summary of carbon uptake from the R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 cruise in the Southern Ocean during 1999 (SOIREE project)
Stations - CTD Sampling	CTD sampling log from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Stations - GoFlos	GoFlos sampling log from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Stations - Master List	Station locations from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Stations - Pumps	Pump station locations from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Stations - Trace Gases	Trace Gas Sampling Log from R/V Tangaroa 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Stations - Undulators	Undulator station locations from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
Stations - Zooplankton	Zooplankton sampling log from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)
XBT	XBT data (depth, temperature) from R/V Tangaroa cruise 61TG_3052 in the Southern Ocean in 1999 (SOIREE project)

Deployments

Total: 1

Cruise/Deployment	Platform Type	Start Date	Chief/Co-chief Scientist
61TG_3052	vessel	31 Jan 1999	Philip W. Boyd

Project Coordinators

Person	Roles	Affiliation
Philip W. Boyd	Lead Principal Investigator	University of Otago
Evelyn Armstrong	Contact	University of Otago
Doug Mackie	Contact	University of Otago

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Project: Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment

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