Dataset: Oyster spat elemental ratios

Name: Elemental ratio data from Mass Spec analysis of newly settled oyster spat from Pamlico Sound, North Carolina from June to August of 2012 (EstuarineMetaDyn project)
Published: 2015-10-07
Keywords: biota, inlandWaters

Cite This Dataset

Spatial Extent: N:35.8416 E:-75.4818 S:34.6562 W:-76.7528

Temporal Extent: 2012-06-13 - 2012-08-25

Project:

Interacting Effects of Local Demography and Larval Connectivity on Estuarine Metapopulation Dynamics (EstuarineMetaDyn)

Principal Investigator:

F. Joel Fodrie (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-Chapel Hill-IMS)

Contact:

Ian R. Kroll (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-Chapel Hill-IMS)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Ms Dicky Allison (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Amber D. York (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version Date:

2015-10-07

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Elemental ratio data from Mass Spec analysis of newly settled oyster spat from Pamlico Sound, North Carolina from June to August of 2012 (EstuarineMetaDyn project)

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Description

Elemental ratio data (X:Ca) from laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA ICP-MS) analysis of newly settled oyster spat collected from Pamlico Sound, NC.

Methods & Sampling

Spat settlement collectors were constructed by affixing 2-3 wire strings, each containing 12 adult oyster shells, to private and public docks or stand-alone wooden pilings, throughout BBCPS study system. Settlement collectors were deployed on June 7^th and 21^st and again on August 1^st and 16^th of 2012 and retrieved approximately 2 weeks later as part of an ongoing settlement sampling program (Eggleston and Puckett, unpubl.data). Recovered settlement collectors were frozen until individual spat could be counted and removed from adult oyster shells with a tungsten probe. Spat were divided by collection site and collection period and refrozen at -23°C.

Spat from the field settlement collections were thawed and placed individually in 2 mL centrifuge tubes filled with 100 mL of 15% H₂O₂ solution buffered in 0.05 N ultrapure NaOH. Samples were sonicated for 10 min to remove organic material. The H₂O₂ solution was then removed and replaced with a 100 mL solution of 1% ultrapure HNO₃(OPTIMA grade; Fisher Scientific; Hampton, NJ). Samples were then sonicated for 5 additional min to dissolve any remaining tissue and surface impurities. Spat were then rinsed three times with ultrapure H₂O and dried overnight in a laminar flow hood. After drying, spat were mounted in haphazard order onto a glass microscope slide with double-sided tape and stored until analysis.

Both larval and spat samples were analyzed using a Thermo-Fisher Element2 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer with a Teledyne ATLex 300si-x 193nm Excimer laser ablation unit (LA ICP-MS). To correct for mass bias and instrument drift, National Institute of Technology Standards-certified standards (Reference Material 612, 614, and 616) were run at the beginning and end of every 4 slide sequence (~140 burns). Concentrations of the following elements were quantified from laboratory larval samples: ⁴⁸Ca, ⁵⁵Mn, ⁸⁸Sr, ¹³⁸Ba, and ²⁰⁸Pb; and from field-collected spat: ²⁶Mg, ⁴⁸Ca, ⁵⁵Mn, ⁶³Cu, ⁸⁸Sr, ¹¹⁸Sn,¹³⁸Ba, and ²⁰⁸Pb. These elements were all analyzed in low-resolution mode, and were chosen because of their previous use in uptake and tagging studies of fish otoliths and bivalve shells (Bath Martin & Thorrold 2005; Strasser et al. 2008a,b; Fodrie et al. 2011).

To determine elemental signatures of the collection sites, the outermost (most recently formed) section of the settler shell was also ablated with a 150 μm transect with 40 μm spot size and 80% intensity. Elemental variability among the larval portion of settler shells was also examined to broadly explore potential larval sources. Larval shell of each spat sample was identified and sampled in a line transect of 110 μm with 40 μm spot size and 80% intensity. Isotope intensities were converted into elemental ratios (X:Ca) following Becker et al. (2007).

Data Processing Description

Means and standard errors for field-collected larval and settlement shell Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios were calculated and plotted by site to assess spatial variation in geochemical signatures among collection sites. Signatures from larval shells were used to examine possible temperature and salinity gradients present among natal sites. Additionally, contour plots were used to explore how settler shell elemental concentrations of Mn, Sr, Ba, and Pb varied with temperature and salinity. Contour plots were created using the graphics package in R (version 3.0.3). Multiple regression models were then used to quantitatively assess the relationship between salinity, temperature and shell signatures in a natural environment. Because some collection sites did not produce any spat over a given collection period, spat were grouped only by site to increase the sample size and statistical power of our results. A logarithmic transformation of elemental ratio was used as the response variable.

Linear Discriminate Function Analysis (DFA) was used to examine spatial variability in settler shell geochemistry and to determine the viability of using geochmical fingerprints to assess connectivity in oyster populations. All 23 sites were used in preliminary DFAs, however the classification success was low, directing us toward independent examination of PS sites from the BBCS sites. Because adjacent sites often experienced similar temperature/salinity gradients, PS sites were then grouped by geographic quadrant within PS: Northwest (NW; WC, EH, StP), Northeast (NE; RD, HT), Southeast (SE; OK, CI, WB), and Southwest (SW; OR, SoP, SQ). BBCS sites were similarly broken up into 5 groups based on geomorphology and site location: Bay (JB, WM), Creek (WH, TC), Newport (NeU, NeM, NeL), North (NoU, NoM, NoL), and Sound (BoS, BaS). Jack-knifed classification matrices, without sample replacement, were compared to expected classification matrices, based on random chance, to assess classification success. Sites were additionally grouped based on similar temperature and salinity profiles, however classification success did not improve significantly over geomorphological quadrants so analysis did not continue with these groupings. Because natal origins are unknown and modeled dispersal pathways for the area (e.g. Haase et al. 2012) have not been empirically validated, no DFA was performed on larval signatures.

BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:
* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
* rounded LR params to 5 decimal places
* replaced parameter name \s with _
* removed parameter name chars (LR) as data submitter indicated it is irrelevant and part of post-processing.
* removed #DIV/0! values
* removed "Name" column as data submitter indicated it is irrelevant and part of post-processing.
* Added Site Code, Lat, and Lon from site info dataset

Data Files

File
spatdata.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 174.62 KB) MD5:5579ac99e8c375647a76a917d871ba83 Primary data file for dataset ID 615529

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-1155609

Deployments

Deployment	Synonyms	Start Date	Platform	Investigator
Fodrie_SpatStrings		2012-06-13	shoreside Pamlico-Oysters		data info

Instruments

Laser

Supplied Name: Teledyne ATLex 300si-x 193nm Excimer laser ablation unit

Supplied Description:

http://www.cetac.com/product_dashboard/laser-ablation.htm

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Laser

Generic Description:

A device that generates an intense beam of coherent monochromatic light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules.

Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Name: Thermo-Fisher Element2 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: Mass Spec

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/

Generic Description:

General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components.

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Burn_Number	Number corresponding to the order in which the samples were burned (in a given sequence) during LA ICP-MS analysis	unitless	sample_descrip
Burn_Date	date the sample was run through the mass spectometer	unitless	date
Mg26	Elemental ratio (Mg:Ca). Mg26 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Mn55	Elemental ratio (Mn:Ca). Mn55 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Co59	Elemental ratio (Co:Ca). Co59 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Cu63	Elemental ratio (Cu:Ca). Cu63 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Sr88	Elemental ratio (Sr:Ca). Sr88 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Cd112	Elemental ratio (Cd:Ca). Cd112 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Ba138	Elemental ratio (Ba:Ca). Ba138 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Sn118	Elemental ratio (Sn:Ca). Sn118 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
La139	Elemental ratio (La:Ca). La139 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Ce140	Elemental ratio (Ce:Ca). Ce140 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Pb208	Elemental ratio (Pb:Ca). Pb208 isotope intensity in counts per second divided by the Ca48 concentration	dimensionless	element
Spat_ID	Idenifier for oyster spat bag the sampled spat came from	unitless	sample
Sample_Site	Geomorphological quadrants the data were grouped into for analysis	unitless	site
Sample_Site_2	Geomorphological quadrants the data were grouped into for analysis	unitless	site
Date_Collected	Date of spat collection in format yyyymmdd	unitless	date
Month_Collected	Month of spat collection	unitless	month
Sample_Type	Identifier for replicate burn performed on each shell (S1 or S2).	unitless	replicate
Sal	Average salinity at sample site during length of experiment (June to August of 2012)	PSU	sal
Temp	Average temperature at sample site during length of experiment (June to August of 2012)	degrees centigrade	temp
Site_Code	Site identifier	untiless	site
Lat	Latitude of site	decimal degrees	lat
Lon	Longitude of site	decimal degrees	lon

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Dataset: Oyster spat elemental ratios