Dataset: Underway net community production from the US GEOTRACES GP17-OCE cruise on R/V Roger Revelle (RR2214) in the Pacific and Southern Oceans from November 2022 to January 2023

Underway dissolved oxygen (O₂) data were collected using the SBE 43 (Clark-type electrode) oxygen sensor in the hydrolab on R/V Roger Revelle. Underway temperature and salinity data were obtained from the thermosalinograph sensor mounted at the bow intake. We assume that the underway seawater intake was at around 5 decibars (db). All underway sensor data were calibrated with discrete surface samples collected within ±30 minutes in the upper 20 db during CTD stations. The median of calibrated underway data every hour was used to estimate different terms in the O₂ budget. The O₂ saturation concentration was corrected for the effect of water vapor, sea level pressure, and relative humidity (Garcia and Gordon, 1992; Dickson et al., 2007), using shipboard meteorological data collected alongside underway data.

To fully construct the O₂ budget, we combined in situ underway surface O₂ data with global data products of O₂ depth distribution and satellite data. Monthly O₂ data from the GOBAI-O₂ (Sharp et al., 2023) were interpolated temporally and spatially to the cruise track and used north of 64.5°S, while WOA23 monthly climatology (Garcia et al., 2024a) was employed south of 64.5°S. Net community production (NCP) was estimated as the residual term in the O₂ budget after accounting for the time rate of O₂ change and physical O₂ fluxes (Eq. 1; Emerson et al., 2008; Quay et al., 2020; Palevsky et al., 2016; Quay and Stephens, 2025). The air-sea O₂ gas exchange flux was calculated as the sum of diffusive and bubble O₂ fluxes (Emerson et al., 2019) and estimated using the gas_toolbox in MATLAB (Manning and Nicholson, 2022). Final O₂ flux and NCP values along the cruise track were presented as daily (24-hour) means with standard deviations derived from a Monte Carlo simulation.

Additional datasets used in this work include monthly satellite surface chlorophyll-a concentrations (Aqua-MODIS 4 km data product) and net primary production (Vertically Generalized Production Model and Carbon-Based Production Model algorithms), and surface phosphate and silicate concentrations derived from the WOA23 monthly climatology (Garcia et al., 2024b). All of these data were interpolated temporally and spatially to the cruise track using the MATLAB function interpn.