Dataset: Drop Sampling Data from Port Fourchon, Louisiana collected in 2006, 2016, 2022 and 2023

Name: Drop Sampling Data from Port Fourchon, Louisiana collected in 2006, 2016, 2022 and 2023
Published: 2026-01-08
Keywords: Louisiana, Mangroves, Community Composition, Marshes, oceans

ValidatedFinal no updates expectedDOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991168.1Version 1 (2026-01-08)Dataset Type:Other Field ResultsDataset Type:SynthesisLicense:CC-BY-4.0

Principal Investigator: James Nelson (University of Georgia)

Student: Herbert Leavitt (University of Georgia)

Student: Alexander Thomas (University of Georgia)

BCO-DMO Data Manager: Amber D. York (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Project: CAREER: Integrating Seascapes and Energy Flow: learning and teaching about energy, biodiversity, and ecosystem function on the frontlines of climate change (Louisiana E-scapes)

Abstract

This dataset assembles four nekton survey datasets from Port Fourchon/Barataria Bay, Louisiana spanning 2006, 2016, 2022, and 2023. The 2006 campaign provides long-format seine/drop-sample catches for fishes, invertebrates, and penaeids plus detailed site metadata (GPS, salinity, temperature, turbidity, depth, habitat, vegetation). The 2016, 2022, and 2023 studies supply wide-format abundance tables keyed to site–date identifiers. A hand-curated taxonomic key (final_aphia_codex_edited.csv) harm...

Spatial Extent: N:29.17 E:-90.16 S:29.09 W:-90.24
Temporal Extent: 2006 - 2023
Port Fourchon, Louisiana

59

Views

45

Downloads

These numbers come from web analytics and reflect real user activity on the site. Download counts include both page-based interactions and direct file downloads. They reliably show dataset usage and are mostly free of bot traffic.

Data File(s)	Type	Description	Action
991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv (1.07 MB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	Primary data file for dataset ID 991168, version 1	991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv View Table

Supplemental File(s)	Type	Description	Action
2016_site_data.csv (3.35 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	Additional site information for 2016. Columns include site_code, date, bay, latitude, longitude.	2016_site_data.csv View Table
2022_2023_site_data.csv (6.45 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	Additional site information for 2022_2023 Column descriptions: Column Name ,Column Description,Units of Measurement ,missing data/no data value site_date_key,unique identifier for a collection site,none,none sample_date,Date and time when the sample was collected in local standard time ,m/dd/yyyy hh:mm,none water_depth,depth of water above the marsh platform measured from the cener of the dro...	2022_2023_site_data.csv View Table
aphia_codex.csv (20.62 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Metadata) List of species observed in each study harmonized to current valid taxonomic names as of 2025 along with aphia IDs used in WoRMS database. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/final_aphia_codex_edited.csv" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331) but with additional columns added. See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on t...	aphia_codex.csv View Table
presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv (2.42 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived data) table with species as rows, and studies as columns. Values are the proportion of sites each species was observed at in that study. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/outputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page for minor modifications made to the file as presented at BCO-DMO for compatibility and interoperability.	presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv View Table
presence_summary.csv (5.98 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived Data) table with taxonomic groups in each study as rows (ex. Minuca spp. in 2006 is one row, Minuca spp. in 2022_2023 is another). Includes column of proportion of sites each species is observed in that study. Presence_summary2.csv includes harmonized taxonomic groups, while presence_summary.csv includes original taxonomic groups. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within ...	presence_summary.csv View Table
presence_summary2.csv (7.82 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived Data) table with taxonomic groups in each study as rows (ex. Minuca spp. in 2006 is one row, Minuca spp. in 2022_2023 is another). Includes column of proportion of sites each species is observed in that study. presence_summary2.csv includes harmonized taxonomic groups, while presence_summary.csv includes original taxonomic groups. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within...	presence_summary2.csv View Table
raw_2016.csv (9.34 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Raw data) raw wide-format data from 2016 drop sampling study by Doerr et al. The organism category names correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column "doerr_name" which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page ...	raw_2016.csv View Table
raw_2022.csv (6.08 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Raw data) inputs/raw_2022.csv - raw wide-format data from 2022 drop sampling studies. These codes correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column species_code which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page for minor...	raw_2022.csv View Table
raw_2023.csv (5.14 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Raw data) inputs/raw_2023.csv - raw wide-format data from the 2023 drop sampling studies. These codes correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column species_code which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page fo...	raw_2023.csv View Table
species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv (7.64 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived data) TRUE/FALSE for presence of each species across studies. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page for minor modifications made to the file as presented at BCO-DMO for compatibility and interoperability.	species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv View Table
supplemental_file_column_info.zip (68.79 KB)	ZIP Archive (ZIP)	A zip file containing all the supplemental table column descriptions (column name, descriptions, and units).	supplemental_file_column_info.zip

Files

Filename: 991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv (1.07 MB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

Primary data file for dataset ID 991168, version 1

991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv View Table

Supplemental Files

Filename: 2016_site_data.csv (3.35 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

Additional site information for 2016. Columns include site_code, date, bay, latitude, longitude.

2016_site_data.csv View Table

Filename: 2022_2023_site_data.csv (6.45 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

Additional site information for 2022_2023 Column descriptions: Column Name ,Column Description,Units of Measurement ,missing data/no data value site_date_key,unique identifier for a collection site,none,none sample_date,Date and time when the sam...

2022_2023_site_data.csv View Table

Filename: aphia_codex.csv (20.62 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

(Metadata) List of species observed in each study harmonized to current valid taxonomic names as of 2025 along with aphia IDs used in WoRMS database. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_...

aphia_codex.csv View Table

Filename: presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv (2.42 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

(Derived data) table with species as rows, and studies as columns. Values are the proportion of sites each species was observed at in that study. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data...

presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv View Table

Filename: presence_summary.csv (5.98 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

(Derived Data) table with taxonomic groups in each study as rows (ex. Minuca spp. in 2006 is one row, Minuca spp. in 2022_2023 is another). Includes column of proportion of sites each species is observed in that study. Presence_summary2.csv includes ...

presence_summary.csv View Table

Filename: presence_summary2.csv (7.82 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

presence_summary2.csv View Table

Filename: raw_2016.csv (9.34 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

(Raw data) raw wide-format data from 2016 drop sampling study by Doerr et al. The organism category names correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column "doerr_name" which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same n...

raw_2016.csv View Table

Filename: raw_2022.csv (6.08 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

(Raw data) inputs/raw_2022.csv - raw wide-format data from 2022 drop sampling studies. These codes correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column species_code which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same name withi...

raw_2022.csv View Table

Filename: raw_2023.csv (5.14 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

(Raw data) inputs/raw_2023.csv - raw wide-format data from the 2023 drop sampling studies. These codes correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column species_code which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same nam...

raw_2023.csv View Table

Filename: species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv (7.64 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

(Derived data) TRUE/FALSE for presence of each species across studies. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" sect...

species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv View Table

Filename: supplemental_file_column_info.zip (68.79 KB)
Type: ZIP Archive (ZIP)

Description:

A zip file containing all the supplemental table column descriptions (column name, descriptions, and units).

supplemental_file_column_info.zip

This is one of four datasets that were produced with the "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow" (v1.0.0, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18165331). The datasets and supplemental data produced by this workflow have had minor modifications to enhance the interoperability of the data (See more in section "BCO-DMO Processing"). The workflow contains the exact formats of the data files produced and used by the workflow scripts. It also contains scripts, configurations, readme files, and input/output files for four stages listed below. Each workflow stage corresponds to a dataset in the "Related Datasets" section.

"Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow" steps with corresponding dataset IDs:

"1_raw_data" = includes raw drop-sampling data corresponding to BCO-DMO dataset 991168 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991168.1)
"2_gbif_workflow" = includes GBIF species observation data corresponding to metadata in BCO-DMO dataset 991175 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991175.1)
"3_CTI_calculations" = includes community temperature index (CTI) data corresponding to BCO-DMO dataset 941250 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.941250.1)
"4_species_of_interest" = includes the results of a species pool analysis identifying species of interest corresponding to BCO-DMO dataset 991182 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991182.1)

The workflow release (v1.0.0) contains data and scripts used to run analyses and produce figures for publication Leavitt, H; Thomas, A; Doerr, J; Johnson, D; Nelson, J. (In press) Resilient Nekton Composition in the Face of Climate-Driven Foundation Species Shifts. Ecology. Accepted 2025-11-14

Related Datasets

IsPartOf

Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18165331
Relationship Description:

The "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow" contains scripts, configurations, readme files, and input/output files for four stages of the workflow. The workflow contains data corresponding to four related BCO-DMO datasets (See "Related Datasets" section...

heleavitt. (2026). heleavitt/Workflow-for-Leavitt_et_al_Resilient-Species-Nekton-Composition-in-the-Face-of: Workflow for Resilient Nekton Composition in the Face of Climate-Driven Foundation Species Shifts (Version v1.0.0) [Computer software]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18165331

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: GBIF workflow
Relationship Description:

Datasets that are part of the same workflow (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331) for a study to be published: Leavitt, H; Thomas, A; Doerr, J; Johnson, D; Nelson, J. (In press) Resilient Nekton Composition in the Face of Climate-Driven Foundation Species Shifts. Ecology.

Nelson, J. (2026) Cleaned species occurrence data from 2005 to 2025 from GBIF as part of a workflow to assemble species and community temperature indices for Port Fourchon, LA in 2006, 2016, 2022 and 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-01-08 doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991175.1

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: Species of interest
Relationship Description:

Nelson, J. (2026) Results of a species pool analysis identifying species of interest responding to climate changes in Port Fourchon, LA in 2006, 2016, 2022 and 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-01-08 doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991182.1

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: CTI calculations
Relationship Description:

Nelson, J., Leavitt, H., Thomas, A. (2026) Community Temperature Index Calculations for Port Fourchon, Louisiana Drop Sampling data from 2006 to 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-01-08 doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.941250.1

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-9945-3
Relationship Description:

This published dataset is the source for the 2006 drop sampling observations. Data was trimmed to include only observations in marsh habitat in the fall so as to remain consistent with seasonality and habitat specificity of the other drop sampling studies used for comparison.

Rozas, L. P., & Minello, T. J. (2015). Small-Scale Nekton Density and Growth Patterns Across a Saltmarsh Landscape in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. Estuaries and Coasts, 38(6), 2000–2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-9945-3

Related Publications

Results

Leavitt, H; Thomas, A; Doerr, J; Johnson, D; Nelson, J. (In press) Resilient Nekton Composition in the Face of Climate-Driven Foundation Species Shifts. Ecology. Accepted 2025-11-14

Methods

ZIMMERMAN, R.J.; MINELLO, T.J., and ZAMORA, G., JR., 1984. Selection of vegetated habitat by brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus, in a Galveston Bay salt marsh. Fishery Bulletin, 82(2), 325-336. Available from https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/pdf-content/fish-bull/zimmerman.pdf

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Dataset: Drop Sampling Data from Port Fourchon, Louisiana collected in 2006, 2016, 2022 and 2023

ValidatedFinal no updates expectedDOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991168.1Version 1 (2026-01-08)Dataset Type:Other Field ResultsDataset Type:SynthesisLicense:CC-BY-4.0

Principal Investigator: James Nelson (University of Georgia)

Student: Herbert Leavitt (University of Georgia)

Student: Alexander Thomas (University of Georgia)

BCO-DMO Data Manager: Amber D. York (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Project: CAREER: Integrating Seascapes and Energy Flow: learning and teaching about energy, biodiversity, and ecosystem function on the frontlines of climate change (Louisiana E-scapes)

Abstract

Spatial Extent: N:29.17 E:-90.16 S:29.09 W:-90.24
Temporal Extent: 2006 - 2023
Port Fourchon, Louisiana

59

Views

45

Downloads

Data File(s)	Type	Description	Action
991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv (1.07 MB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	Primary data file for dataset ID 991168, version 1	991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv View Table

Supplemental File(s)	Type	Description	Action
2016_site_data.csv (3.35 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	Additional site information for 2016. Columns include site_code, date, bay, latitude, longitude.	2016_site_data.csv View Table
2022_2023_site_data.csv (6.45 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	Additional site information for 2022_2023 Column descriptions: Column Name ,Column Description,Units of Measurement ,missing data/no data value site_date_key,unique identifier for a collection site,none,none sample_date,Date and time when the sample was collected in local standard time ,m/dd/yyyy hh:mm,none water_depth,depth of water above the marsh platform measured from the cener of the dro...	2022_2023_site_data.csv View Table
aphia_codex.csv (20.62 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Metadata) List of species observed in each study harmonized to current valid taxonomic names as of 2025 along with aphia IDs used in WoRMS database. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/final_aphia_codex_edited.csv" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331) but with additional columns added. See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on t...	aphia_codex.csv View Table
presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv (2.42 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived data) table with species as rows, and studies as columns. Values are the proportion of sites each species was observed at in that study. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/outputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page for minor modifications made to the file as presented at BCO-DMO for compatibility and interoperability.	presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv View Table
presence_summary.csv (5.98 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived Data) table with taxonomic groups in each study as rows (ex. Minuca spp. in 2006 is one row, Minuca spp. in 2022_2023 is another). Includes column of proportion of sites each species is observed in that study. Presence_summary2.csv includes harmonized taxonomic groups, while presence_summary.csv includes original taxonomic groups. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within ...	presence_summary.csv View Table
presence_summary2.csv (7.82 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived Data) table with taxonomic groups in each study as rows (ex. Minuca spp. in 2006 is one row, Minuca spp. in 2022_2023 is another). Includes column of proportion of sites each species is observed in that study. presence_summary2.csv includes harmonized taxonomic groups, while presence_summary.csv includes original taxonomic groups. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within...	presence_summary2.csv View Table
raw_2016.csv (9.34 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Raw data) raw wide-format data from 2016 drop sampling study by Doerr et al. The organism category names correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column "doerr_name" which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page ...	raw_2016.csv View Table
raw_2022.csv (6.08 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Raw data) inputs/raw_2022.csv - raw wide-format data from 2022 drop sampling studies. These codes correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column species_code which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page for minor...	raw_2022.csv View Table
raw_2023.csv (5.14 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Raw data) inputs/raw_2023.csv - raw wide-format data from the 2023 drop sampling studies. These codes correspond to "aphia_codex.csv" column species_code which can be consulted for more information. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page fo...	raw_2023.csv View Table
species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv (7.64 KB)	Comma Separated Values (.csv)	(Derived data) TRUE/FALSE for presence of each species across studies. This file corresponds to a file of the same name within "Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow/1_raw_data/inputs/" (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18165331). See the "BCO-DMO Processing" section on this page for minor modifications made to the file as presented at BCO-DMO for compatibility and interoperability.	species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv View Table
supplemental_file_column_info.zip (68.79 KB)	ZIP Archive (ZIP)	A zip file containing all the supplemental table column descriptions (column name, descriptions, and units).	supplemental_file_column_info.zip

Files

Filename: 991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv (1.07 MB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

Primary data file for dataset ID 991168, version 1

991168_v1_port-fourchon_drop-sampling.csv View Table

Supplemental Files

Filename: 2016_site_data.csv (3.35 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

Additional site information for 2016. Columns include site_code, date, bay, latitude, longitude.

2016_site_data.csv View Table

Filename: 2022_2023_site_data.csv (6.45 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

2022_2023_site_data.csv View Table

Filename: aphia_codex.csv (20.62 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

aphia_codex.csv View Table

Filename: presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv (2.42 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

presence_pivot_merged_sp.csv View Table

Filename: presence_summary.csv (5.98 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

presence_summary.csv View Table

Filename: presence_summary2.csv (7.82 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

presence_summary2.csv View Table

Filename: raw_2016.csv (9.34 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

raw_2016.csv View Table

Filename: raw_2022.csv (6.08 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

raw_2022.csv View Table

Filename: raw_2023.csv (5.14 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

raw_2023.csv View Table

Filename: species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv (7.64 KB)
Type: Comma Separated Values (.csv)

Description:

species_presence_2006_2016_2022.csv View Table

Filename: supplemental_file_column_info.zip (68.79 KB)
Type: ZIP Archive (ZIP)

Description:

A zip file containing all the supplemental table column descriptions (column name, descriptions, and units).

supplemental_file_column_info.zip

"Fourchon Nekton Turnover Workflow" steps with corresponding dataset IDs:

"1_raw_data" = includes raw drop-sampling data corresponding to BCO-DMO dataset 991168 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991168.1)
"2_gbif_workflow" = includes GBIF species observation data corresponding to metadata in BCO-DMO dataset 991175 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991175.1)
"3_CTI_calculations" = includes community temperature index (CTI) data corresponding to BCO-DMO dataset 941250 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.941250.1)
"4_species_of_interest" = includes the results of a species pool analysis identifying species of interest corresponding to BCO-DMO dataset 991182 (doi: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.991182.1)

Related Datasets

IsPartOf

Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18165331
Relationship Description:

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: GBIF workflow
Relationship Description:

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: Species of interest
Relationship Description:

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: CTI calculations
Relationship Description:

IsRelatedTo

Dataset: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-9945-3
Relationship Description:

Related Publications

Results

Leavitt, H; Thomas, A; Doerr, J; Johnson, D; Nelson, J. (In press) Resilient Nekton Composition in the Face of Climate-Driven Foundation Species Shifts. Ecology. Accepted 2025-11-14

Methods